Table 3.
Characteristics of COVID-19 and Treatment by Care Setting
| Intensive Care (n = 170) | Admitted, Nonintensive Care (n = 229) | Outpatient (n = 715) | Total (N = 1,114) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 124 (72.9) | 184 (80.4) | 516 (72.2) | 824 (74.0) |
| Fever/chills | 138 (81.2) | 189 (82.5) | 460 (64.3) | 781 (70.7) |
| Myalgias | 71 (41.8) | 107 (46.7) | 391 (54.7) | 569 (51.1) |
| Shortness of breath | 133 (78.2) | 137 (59.8) | 228 (31.9) | 498 (44.7) |
| Sore throat | 33 (19.4) | 46 (20.1) | 261 (36.5) | 340 (30.5) |
| Malaise/fatigue | 81 (47.7) | 104 (45.4) | 145 (20.3) | 330 (29.6) |
| Gastrointestinal | 62 (36.5) | 90 (39.3) | 137 (19.2) | 289 (25.9) |
| Coryza | 19 (11.2) | 34 (14.9) | 232 (32.5) | 285 (25.6) |
| Headache | 28 (16.5) | 44 (19.2) | 126 (17.6) | 198 (17.8) |
| Loss of smell/taste | 12 (7.1) | 21 (9.2) | 163 (22.8) | 196 (17.6) |
| Chest pain | 16 (9.4) | 42 (18.3) | 48 (6.7) | 106 (9.5) |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 16 (8–24) | 5 (3–8) | — | — |
| Still hospitalized by 30 days | 49 (28.8) | 4 (1.8) | — | — |
| COVID-19 pneumonia | 164 (96.5) | 189 (82.5) | 68 (9.5) | 421 (37.8) |
| ARDS | 134 (78.8) | 13 (5.7) | 1 (0.1)∗ | 148 (13.3) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 128 (75.3) | 1 (0.4)† | — | 129 (11.6) |
| Multisystem organ failure | 56 (32.9) | 9 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 65 (5.8) |
| Sepsis/septic shock | 97 (57.1) | 8 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 105 (9.4) |
| Systemic arterial hypotension | 133 (78.2) | 37 (16.2) | 1 (0.1)‡ | 171 (15.3) |
| Laboratory assessment§ | 170 (100.0) | 228 (99.6) | 108 (15.1) | 506 (45.4) |
| LDH, U/l | 404.2 ± 226.4 | 315.7 ± 183.2 | 234.7 ± 97.1 | 343.4 ± 202.9 |
| Lactate, mmol/l | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.9 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 2,124.1 ± 7,937.8 | 1,613.4 ± 7,492.1 | 343.4 ± 983.2 | 1,788 ± 7,473.9 |
| High-sensitivity troponin T, ng/l | 69.0 ± 305.4 | 24.3 ± 71.1 | 10.4 ± 15.3 | 40.5 ± 199.6 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml | 2,515.6 ± 7,913.3 | 1,156.5 ± 1,410.2 | 757.4 ± 994.7 | 1,692.3 ± 5,254.5 |
| High-sensitivity CRP, mg/l | 120.3 ± 83.6 | 72.7 ± 56.7 | — | 97.0 ± 75.8 |
| High-sensitivity IL-6, pg/ml | 327.4 ± 648.8 | 29.2 ± 24.3 | — | 208.1 ± 507.7 |
| COVID-19 specific therapies | ||||
| Azithromycin | 149 (87.7) | 151 (65.9) | 51 (7.1) | 351 (31.5) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 148 (87.1) | 131 (57.2) | 7 (1.0) | 286 (25.7) |
| Remdesivir | 27 (15.9) | 24 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (4.6) |
| IL-6 receptor antagonist | 22 (12.9) | 4 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (2.3) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 13 (7.7) | 5 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (1.6) |
Values are n (%), median (interquartile range), or mean ± SD. Dashes indicate data were not available.
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease-2019; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL = interleukin; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide.
Patient was a resident at an assisted living facility and was diagnosed with COVID-19 as an outpatient. When she developed ARDS, she was transitioned to palliative care without hospitalization.
Patient experienced acute respiratory failure while hospitalized in the non–intensive care setting, was initiated on mechanical ventilation, but was ultimately transitioned to comfort measures.
Patient presented to the emergency department with hypotension that resolved with intravenous fluid.
Laboratory reference values: LDH = 110 to 210 U/l; lactate = 0.5 to 2.0 mmol/l; NT-proBNP = 0 to 1,800 pg/ml; high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T = 0 to 9 ng/l; D-dimer < 500 ng/ml; high-sensitivity CRP = 0 to 3 mg/l; high-sensitivity IL-6 < 5.00 pg/ml.