Figure 8.

Absence of gut microbiota or T cells (Tcra^−/-) result in increased gene expression of AhR, AhR downstream genes, and the enzymes involved in tryptophan catabolism IDO1 and AFMID in response to TAC. (a), Heart AhR gene expression in WT TAC, WT TAC ABX and Tcra^−/- TAC mice. (b), Schematic representation of tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism and AhR signaling pathway. (c-i), Heart gene expression of the following genes was measured by RT-qPCR: genes that encode for metabolic enzymes (c, Ido1; d, AFMID); and genes that can be transcriptionally regulated by AhR, such as Cyp1a1 (e), Cyp1b1 (f), Cyp2e1 (g), Socs1 (h) and Socs3 (i). J, Heart AhR gene expression at baseline in Sham WT and Sham Tcra^−/-. k, Heart gene expression of the same genes in WT and Tcra^−/- Sham mice (baseline), and in response to TAC. For statistical analysis, we used parametric ANOVA test. Each dot represents one animal. *p < .05; **p < .01