Table 3. Patient characteristics by primary outcome and group.

		Success ( n  = 40)	Failure ( n  = 23)	p -Value
Age, mo (IQR)	All	2.79 (1.29–5.78)	2.62 (1.14–3.76)	0.63
	CPAP	2.43 (1.04–3.18)	2.15 (0.69–4.47)	0.98
	HFNC	4.26 (1.38–6.76)	2.93 (1.40–4.26)	0.21
Weight, kg (SD)	All	5.73 (1.69)	5.69 (1.55)	0.94
	CPAP	5.24 (1.3)	5.94 (1.76)	0.24
	HFNC	6.13 (1.9)	5.51 (1.40)	0.31
mWDS (IQR)	All	5 (4–6)	5 (4–6)	0.58
	CPAP	4.5 (4–5)	5 (4–6.25)	0.34
	HFNC	5 (4–6)	5 (4–6.5)	0.93
PIM-2 score, % (IQR)	All	0.7 (0.3–1.1)	0.9 (0.8–1.1)	0.06
	CPAP	0.65 (0.28–1.13)	0.95 (0.80–1.32)	0.05
	HFNC	0.7 (0.3–1.1)	0.9 (0.7–1.05)	0.45
RR, breaths/min (SD)	All	46.95 (12.42)	50.48 (12.97)	0.15
	CPAP	45.22 (13.93)	50.2 (16.49)	0.40
	HFNC	48.36 (11.17)	50.69 (10.22)	0.54
HR, beats/min (SD)	All	149.68 (20.05)	149.91 (22.25)	0.48
	CPAP	155.78 (18.99)	146.4 (15.33)	0.19
	HFNC	144.68 (19.91)	152.62 (26.7)	0.32
SpO 2 , % (IQR)	All	97 (96–98)	99 (96.5–99.25)	0.11
	CPAP	97 (96–98.25)	99 (98.5–99.5)	0.05
	HFNC	97 (95–98.5)	98 (94.5–99.5)	0.57
FiO 2 (IQR)	All	0.4 (0.35–0.5)	0.38 (0.3–0.44)	0.32
	CPAP	0.4 (0.35–0.5)	0.35 (0.3–0.5)	0.33
	HFNC	0.4 (0.38–0.5)	0.35 (0.3–0.4)	0.28
PICU LOS, d (IQR)	All	5 (4–6)	7 (5–11)	0.01
	CPAP	4.5 (3.75–6.25)	5.4 (4.75–11.25)	0.04
	HFNC	5 (3.75–6.25)	8 (4.5–12.5)	0.03
Hosp LOS, d (IQR)	All	8 (6.25–10)	12 (8–17)	<0.001
	CPAP	8 (7–10)	10.5 (7.75–14)	0.09
	HFNC	7 (6–9.25)	12 (9–17.5)	0.002

Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HFNC high-flow nasal cannula; Hosp; hospital; HR, heart rate; LOS, length of stay; mWDS, modified Wood–Downes score; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.

Note: Data are mean and standard deviation (SD), median and interquartile range (IQR), or count ( n ) and percentage (%).