Table 1.
Comparative study of the epidemiological characteristics among the SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV. DPP4 - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; CD26 - Cluster of Differentiation 26; TMPRSS2- Transmembrane protease, serine 2; ACE-2- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; ORF –Open Reading Frame; SARS-CoV - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MERS-CoV – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; 2019-nCoV – 2019 Novel Coronavirus.
| Characteristics | SARS-CoV | MERS-CoV | 2019-nCoV |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 2002 | 2012 | 2019 |
| Origin | Guangdong, China | Arabian Peninsula, Republic of Korea | Wuhan, China |
| Genus | Beta coronavirus Lineage B | Beta coronavirus Lineage C | Beta coronavirus Lineage B |
| Gene | RNA | RNA | RNA |
| Nucleotide length | 29,727 ntds | 30,119 ntds | 29,903 ntds |
| Natural Host | Bats | Bats | Bats |
| Intermediary Host | Civets, Raccoon Dogs | Dromedary Camels | Pangolins, Marmots |
| Affected Countries | 26 | 27 | 216 |
| Total Cases (Global) | 8422 (June 30, 2020) | 2494 (June 30, 2020) | 10,185,374 (June 30, 2020) |
| Total Deaths | 916 | 858 | 503,862 (June 30, 2020) |
| Total Cases (India) | 03 | – | 585,493 (June 30, 2020) |
| Total Deaths (India) | – | – | 17,400 (June 30, 2020) |
| Transmission mode | Zoonotic | Zoonotic | Zoonotic |
| Binding site | ACE-2 | DPP4/CD26 | TMPRSS2, ACE-2 |
| Susceptible cell line | Respiratory Tracts; Liver; Kidney | Respiratory; Monocytes; Lymphocytes; Intestinal; Liver; Neural; Kidney; Histiocytic cell lines | Respiratory Tracts; Neural; Kidney |
| Viral replication efficiency | Low | High | Extremely High |
| Gene order characteristics | 5′-Replicase ORF1ab, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N)-3′ | 5′-Replicase ORF1ab, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N)-3′ | 5′-Replicase ORF1ab, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N)-3′ |