Table 3.
Change in Plasma Biochemical indices following single and 28 days repeated dose administration of the extract of S. Cayennensis.
| Treatment Groups | AST (Ul) |
ALT (Ul) |
Urea (mmol/l) |
Creatinine (mg/dl) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||
| Acute Toxicity | Control | 257.71 ± 3.82 | 233.58 ± 3.60 | 72.28 ± 4.19 | 86.27 ± 1.84 | 7.99 ± 0.46 | 8.77 ± 0.32 | 3.780 ± 0.17 | 3.98 ± 0.17 |
| 1250 mg/kg | 284.14 ± 0.79* | 393.33 ± 1.30*a | 75.98 ± 4.42 | 156.25 ± 4.38*a | 7.21 ± 0.74 | 8.60 ± 0.55 | 4.37 ± 0.09 | 5.84 ± 0.34*a | |
| 2500 mg/kg | 281.79 ± 3.75* | 304.70 ± 2.28*a | 55.36 ± 1.21* | 88.60 ± 3.20a | 7.80 ± 0.29 | 7.94 ± 0.70 | 5.97 ± 0.13* | 5.07 ± 0.21*a | |
| 5000 mg/kg | 334.60 ± 2.09* | 316.95 ± 2.62*a | 84.54 ± 1.76* | 95.91 ± 1.54*a | 9.25 ± 0.69* | 9.92 ± 0.31 | 6.83 ± 0.12* | 4.54 ± 0.53a | |
| Repeated Dose TS | Control | 231.19 ± 3.09 | 225.65 ± 3.24 | 79.47 ± 2.10 | 74.74 ± 2.86 | 7.72 ± 0.25 | 7.08 ± 0.38 | 3.31 ± 0.26 | 3.42 ± 0.29 |
| 250 mg/kg | 209.86 ± 2.52* | 168.91 ± 1.05*a | 67.13 ± 0.80* | 81.54 ± 3.30a | 8.24 ± 1.26 | 8.07 ± 0.24 | 7.34 ± 2.90* | 3.30 ± 0.36a | |
| 500 mg/kg | 176.42 ± 3.27* | 158.35 ± 0.49*a | 77.14 ± 0.76 | 113.91 ± 2.29*a | 9.79 ± 0.40* | 8.11 ± 0.21a | 5.57 ± 0.12* | 4.62 ± 0.25a | |
| 1000 mg/kg | 166.11 ± 2.58* | 129.23 ± 0.64*a | 90.48 ± 1.52* | 150.04 ± 2.85*a | 13.26 ± 1.89* | 8.75 ± 0.20*a | 5.66 ± 0.31* | 4.22 ± 0.17a | |
| Repeated Dose RS | Control | 245.75 ± 4.17 | 236.4 ± 3.48 | 75.96 ± 4.56 | 78.09 ± 3.58 | 7.92 ± 0.50 | 7.14 ± 0.40 | 3.08 ± 0.14 | 3.10 ± 0.20 |
| 250 mg/kg | 331.16 ± 7.47*b | 250.32 ± 4.45ab | 68.50 ± 1.32 | 101.19 ± 4.61*ab | 5.76 ± 0.30*b | 5.62 ± 0.25*b | 5.43 ± 0.14*b | 3.49 ± 0.44a | |
| 500 mg/kg | 307.09 ± 3.63*b | 280.98 ± 2.80*ab | 110.86 ± 2.40*b | 108.80 ± 2.70* | 6.42 ± 0.26b | 5.35 ± 0.10*ab | 3.94 ± 0.29b | 2.99 ± 0.38b | |
| 1000 mg/kg | 348.74 ± 2.85*b | 270.77 ± 2.17*ab | 115.9 ± 2.83*b | 123.23 ± 0.96*ab | 6.83 ± 0.24b | 5.13 ± 0.37*ab | 3.88 ± 0.27b | 3.14 ± 0.16b | |
Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5, and p < 0.05, TS = Toxicity Set, RS = Recovery set.
*compare with respective controls (male or female) was done using ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test; while.
a compare effect on female with male for each dose level and b compare with respective Toxicity set were done using Student's T-test. All statistics were done using Graph Pad Prism version 5.01 (Graph Pad software, San Diego, California, U.S.A).