Table 2.
Region-specific and global deaths attributable to ambient PM2.5 under the current (2016) levels of air pollution (with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI)) or if the interim targets and air quality guideline levels were achieved worldwide, assuming all other health relevant factors remained unchanged in 2016
| Region | Global deaths and % reduction through achievement of IT or AQG level (95% UI) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current (2016) Levels | IT1 (35 μg/m3) | IT2 (25 μg/m3) | IT3 (15 μg/m3) | AQG (10 μg/m3) | ||||||
| GBD estimates | WHO estimates | Deaths | % reduction | Deaths | % reduction | Deaths | % reduction | Deaths | % reduction | |
| AFR | 383,391 (329,623–439,917) | 473,861 (410,387–546505) | 403,371 (328,251–480,618) | 14.5% (9.5%, 21.9%) | 349,029 (269,680–429,497) | 26.2% (17.4%, 37.0%) | 255,339 (181,752–350,999) | 45.9% (32.0%, 59.1%) | 187,538 (126,465–284,393) | 60.4% (44.0%, 72.0%) |
| AMR | 256,170 (212,829–306,367) | 248,530 (203,910–305,515) | 248,530 (203,910–305,515) | 0.0% (0.0%, 0.0%) | 247,032 (201,932–304,015) | 0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%) | 230,302 (184,947–285,897) | 7.4% (5.6%, 9.5%) | 203,158 (158,744–257,521) | 18.2% (14.4%, 22.5%) |
| EMR | 350,281 (316,310–386,132) | 335,958 (300,932–369,157) | 288,838 (254,767–322,238) | 13.8% (11.5%, 16.9%) | 253,281 (220,088–287,453) | 24.3% (20.4%, 28.9%) | 199,164 (169,047–235,769) | 40.4% (34.4%, 46.4%) | 158,312 (129,824–193,704) | 52.6% (45.7%, 58.9%) |
| EUR | 513,890 (430,207–604,230) | 464,172 (382,927–552,178) | 463,395 (382,257–551,398) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.2%) | 457,437 (376,375–545,234) | 1.5% (1.2%, 1.9%) | 435,954 (355,663–522,948) | 6.2% (5.1%, 7.7%) | 385,081 (307,856–471,386) | 17.1% (14.2%, 20.4%) |
| SEAR | 1,325,402 (1,154,834–1,501,356) | 1,351,069 (1,193,394–1,515,015) | 1,078,293 (939,631–1,244,190) | 19.7% (16.3%, 25.1%) | 948,327 (803,574–1,110,338) | 29.5% (24.7%, 36.5%) | 742,138 (609,868–906,467) | 44.6% (38.0%, 52.8%) | 579,943 (459,603–732,234) | 56.8% (49.3%, 64.5%) |
| WPR | 1,252,177 (1,099,708–1,416,942) | 1,278,107 (1,118,969–1,449,439) | 1,159,897 (1,009,363–1,324,466) | 9.2% (7.9%, 11.2%) | 1,024,245 (875,728–1,191,002) | 19.8% (17.2%, 23.9%) | 817,669 (673,349–977,601) | 36.1% (31.7%, 42.5%) | 643,432 (511,849–795,631) | 49.7% (44.2%, 56.5%) |
| World | 4,081,311 (3,543,511–4,654,944)a | 4,154,936 (3,685,281–4,662,105)a | 3,645,887 (3,179,495–4,188,266) | 12.0% (9.7%, 15.5%) | 3,271,578 (2,817,885–3,840,326) | 20.8% (17.0%, 26.1%) | 2,677,001 (2,237,067–3,221,859) | 35.2% (29.4%, 42.3%) | 2,155,152 (1,736,478–2,674,306) | 47.8% (40.8%, 55.2%) |
IT interim targets, AQG air quality guideline, AFR African Region, AMR Region of the Americas, EMR Eastern Mediterranean Region, EUR European Region, SEAR South-East Asia Region, WPR Western Pacific Region
aThese values are slightly different than those presented in Table 1. This holds because the current levels differ slightly from the ones published earlier and reported in the 2016 WHO BoD and GBD 2016 due to rounding