Table 1.
Characteristics | Total participants | ||
---|---|---|---|
Meniere’s disease (n, %) | Control (n, %) | P value | |
Age (years old) | 1.000 | ||
40–44 | 123 (1.5) | 492 (1.5) | |
45–49 | 537 (6.6) | 2148 (6.6) | |
50–54 | 1199 (14.7) | 4796 (14.7) | |
55–59 | 1407 (17.2) | 5628 (17.2) | |
60–64 | 1349 (16.5) | 5396 (16.5) | |
65–69 | 1285 (15.7) | 5140 (15.7) | |
70–74 | 1151 (14.1) | 4604 (14.1) | |
75–79 | 736 (9.0) | 2944 (9.0) | |
80–84 | 316 (3.9) | 1264 (3.9) | |
85 + | 80 (1.0) | 320 (1.0) | |
Sex | 1.000 | ||
Male | 2885 (35.3) | 11,540 (35.3) | |
Female | 5298 (64.7) | 21,192 (64.7) | |
Income | 1.000 | ||
1 (lowest) | 1397 (17.1) | 5588 (17.1) | |
2 | 1038 (12.7) | 4152 (12.7) | |
3 | 1259 (15.4) | 5036 (15.4) | |
4 | 1707 (20.9) | 6828 (20.9) | |
5 (highest) | 2782 (34.0) | 11,128 (34.0) | |
Region of residence | 1.000 | ||
Urban | 3445 (42.1) | 13,780 (42.1) | |
Rural | 4738 (57.9) | 18,952 (57.9) | |
Obesitya | < 0.001* | ||
Underweight | 167 (2.0) | 832 (2.5) | |
Normal | 2782 (34.0) | 11,587 (35.4) | |
Overweight | 2290 (28.0) | 8752 (26.7) | |
Obese I | 2694 (32.9) | 10,442 (31.9) | |
Obese II | 250 (3.1) | 1119 (3.4) | |
Smoking status | |||
Nonsmoker | 6640 (81.1) | 25,851 (79.0) | < 0.001* |
Past smoker | 829 (10.1) | 3017 (9.2) | |
Current smoker | 714 (8.7) | 3864 (11.8) | |
Alcohol consumption | |||
< 1 time a week | 6209 (75.9) | 23,867 (72.9) | < 0.001* |
≥ 1 time a week | 1974 (24.1) | 8865 (27.1) | |
CCI score | |||
0 | 5128 (62.7) | 22,183 (67.8) | < 0.001* |
1 | 1690 (20.7) | 5447 (16.6) | |
2 | 834 (10.2) | 3071 (9.4) | |
3 | 246 (3.0) | 903 (2.8) | |
≥ 4 | 285 (3.5) | 1128 (3.5) | |
Benign paroxysmal vertigo | 2800 (34.2) | 2170 (6.6) | < 0.001* |
Vestibular neuronitis | 900 (11.0) | 467 (1.4) | < 0.001* |
Other peripheral vertigo | 1913 (23.4) | 1517 (4.6) | < 0.001* |
Thyroid cancer | 81 (0.9) | 296 (1.0) | 0.469 |
Period of taking levothyroxine | |||
< 3 month | 7793 (95.2) | 31,557 (96.4) | < 0.001* |
≥ 3 month | 390 (4.8) | 1175 (3.6) | |
Goiter | 462 (5.7) | 1377 (4.2) | < 0.001* |
Hypothyroidism | 385 (4.7) | 1168 (3.6) | < 0.001* |
Thyroiditis | 174 (2.1) | 518 (1.6) | < 0.001* |
Hyperthyroidism | 292 (3.6) | 805 (2.5) | < 0.001* |
Autoimmune thyroiditis | 81 (0.99) | 219 (0.67) | 0.002* |
CCI Charlson comorbidity index.
*Chi-square test. Significance at P < 0.05.
aObesity (BMI, body mass index, kg/m2) was categorized as < 18.5 (underweight), ≥ 18.5 to < 23 (normal), ≥ 23 to < 25 (overweight), ≥ 25 to < 30 (obese I), and ≥ 30 (obese II).