Table 1.

Tobacco consumption among adults in Vietnam from 1992 to 2015.

	1992–1993a	1997–1998a	2001b	2005c,d	2006a	2010e	2015e
Smoking prevalence by sex
Male	63.1%	50.7%	56.1%	66.1%c	49.2%	47.4%	45.3%
				58.8% (North)
				57.7% (HCM)
				67.8% (Mekong Delta)
Female	4.7%	3.5%	1.8%	1.7%c	1.5%	1.4%	1.1%
				1.6% (North)
				1.6% (HCM)
				1.1% (Mekong Delta)
Smoking prevalence in urban areas
Male	56.6	47.4	55.1	N/A	46.9	47.7	42.7
Female	2.7	1.9	1.4	N/A	1.2	1.0	0.7
Smoking prevalence in rural areas
Male	62.6	51.7	56.4	N/A	50.0	47.3	46.7
Female	4.6	3.6	2.0	N/A	1.6	1.7	1.3
Daily consumption (number of cigarettes, among current smokers)
Male	11.4	11.1	N/A	N/A	N/A	13.6	13.8
Female	9.9	9.5	N/A	N/A	N/A	10.9	10.5

^aVietnam Living Standard Survey 1992/93; 1997/98; 2006: national household survey, 3-stage random stratified cluster sampling; aged 6 years and over. (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 1993, 1998; Morrow and Barraclough, 2003).

^bVietnam National Health Survey 2001: 3-stage cluster sampling; national household survey (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2003; Morrow and Barraclough, 2003; Nguyen et al., 2012b).

^cNational Adult Overweight Survey 2005: 2-stage cluster sampling of adults aged 25–64 (Do et al., 2015; Hoang et al., 2007; Pham et al., 2009; Trinh et al., 2008, 2010; Van Minh et al., 2008).

^dVietnam STEPS 2005 in 3 representative regions (North, South, Mekong Delta): multi-stage sampling with national representative sample of adults aged 25–64 (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2007).

^eVietnam GATS 2010, 2015: national representative sampling aged 15+ (Vietnam Ministry of Health et al., 2010, 2016).