Table 2.

Generalized linear model (GLM) for gene expression, accounting for the influence of HIV infection, 25(OH)D₃ levels, gender, age, and time since HIV diagnosis.

	CYP27B1 Gene Expression
Variables	B	95% C.I.	p -Value
HIV infection	−0.301	−0.4932; −0.110	0.002
Gender	0.116	−0.022; 0.254	0.098
Age	0.001	−0.007; 0.006	0.899
25(OH)D3 levels	0.002	0.000; 0.005	0.072
Time since HIV diagnosis #	0.001	−0.001; 0.002	0.283
	TNF-α gene expression
HIV infection	0.622	0.403; 0.842	0.000
Gender	0.075	−0.084; 0.233	0.355
Age	0.004	−0.003; 0.011	0.279
25(OH)D3 levels	−0.003	−0.006; −0.001	0.022
Time since HIV diagnosis #	0.001	−0.001; 0.002	0.546
	IFN-γ gene expression
HIV infection	0.606	0.313; 0.900	0.000
Gender	0.040	−0.171; 0.252	0.709
Age	−0.006	−0.016; 0.003	0.210
25(OH)D3 levels	−0.005	−0.008; −0.001	0.018
Time since HIV diagnosis #	−0.002	−0.005; 0.002	0.983
	LC3 gene expression
HIV infection	−0.280	−0.499; −0.060	0.012
Gender	−0.024	−0.182; 0.134	0.763
Age	0.001	−0.006; 0.008	0.745
25(OH)D3 levels	0.002	−0.001; 0.005	0.176
Time since HIV diagnosis #	0.001	−0.001; 0.002	0.477
	ATG5 gene expression
HIV infection	−0.334	−0.525; −0.143	0.001
Gender	0.086	−0.051; 0.224	0.218
Age	0.005	−0.001; 0.011	0.105
25(OH)D3 levels	0.003	0.001; 0.005	0.019
Time since HIV diagnosis #	−0.001	−0.003; 0.001	0.729
	BECN1 gene expression
HIV infection	−0.168	−0.451; 0.0115	0.245
Gender	−0.092	−0.296; 0.113	0.379
Age	0.006	−0.003; 0.016	0.178
25(OH)D3 levels	0.002	−0.001; 0.006	0.263
Time since HIV diagnosis #	−0.001	−0.002; 0.002	0.874
	TGM2 gene expression
HIV infection	0.025	−0.158; 0.209	0.787
Gender	−0.007	−0.139; 0.125	0.916
Age	0.002	−0.004; 0.008	0.490
25(OH)D3 levels	−0.003	−0.006; −0.001	0.005
Time since HIV diagnosis #	−0.002	−0.003; 0.001	0.925

Bold font for p-values indicates statistically significant differences at a level ≤ 0.05. # This variable has only been tested on HIV+ subjects.