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The effect of G6PD and TGF-β receptor pharmacological inhibitors on NOX2 and NOX4 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS in HAEC, and monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. (A,B) NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA. (C) NADPH oxidase activity. (D) ROS. (E) Phase-contrast images of HAEC and SC monocytic cells (scale bar: 200 μm). Results are mean ± SEM (n = 3–6). Significance at p < 0.05: #, compared with control–G6PD inhibitor alone groups; *, compared with control–TGF-β receptor inhibitor groups.
