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Adenosine Receptor Signaling. The A2aAR and the A2bAR are adenylyl cyclase stimulating receptors through Gαs subunit. The A1AR and the A3AR are adenylyl cyclase inhibitory receptors through Gαi subunit. The A1AR, A3AR and A2bAR also act through phospholipase C (PLC) to increase cytosolic calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG) to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and MAP kinase (MAPK) signalling. All adenosine receptors are capable of activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).
