Figure 6.

A working model for the interaction among AvrPiz‐t, APIP4 and Piz‐t. (a) Upon M. oryzae infection, the effector AvrPiz‐t is secreted into the cytoplasm to interact with APIP4 and inhibit its trypsin inhibitor activity, reducing APIP4‐mediated basal resistance and resulting in plant susceptibility. (b) In the Piz‐t‐containing plants, Piz‐t directly binds APIP4, which may lead to the enhancement of APIP4 protein level (red solid arrow) and trypsin inhibitor activity to attenuate AvrPiz‐t interference (red dashed arrow towards AvrPiz‐t) and trigger downstream immune responses.