Table 1.
Studies on the incidence of solid cancers in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) compared to cancer incidence in the general population or matched comparisons.
| Author | Year | Type of Study | Patient Number | MPN Subtypes | Median Age (Range) | Median Years of Follow Up (Range) | Comparisons | Relative Solid Cancer Occurrence in Patients with MPN vs. Comparisons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederiksen [10] | 2011 | Retrospective cohort | 7229 | ET (22%) PV (63%) CML (14%) |
ET: 65 PV: 66 CML: 60 |
ET: 4.0 PV: 5.0 CML: 2.4 |
Incidence of solid neoplasms in the Danish cancer registry | SIRET all solid: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) |
| SIRPV all solid: 3.8 (95% CI: 3.1–4.6) | ||||||||
| SIRCML all solid: 5.2 (95% CI: 2.8–8.7) | ||||||||
| SIRPV colon: 0.9 (95% CI: 0.7–1.3) | ||||||||
| SIRPV lung: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.6–2.2) | ||||||||
| SIRPV breast: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8–1.5) | ||||||||
| SIRPV melanoma: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.0–2.7) | ||||||||
| SIRPV NMSC: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.4–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1–3.0) | ||||||||
| SIRPV prostate: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.6) | ||||||||
| Fallah [22] | 2011 | Retrospective cohort | 3530 | PV | Incidence of solid neoplasms in the Swedish cancer registry | SIRcolon: 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.2) | ||
| SIRlung: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.8) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8–1.5) | ||||||||
| SIRmelanoma: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1–2.9) | ||||||||
| SIRNMSC: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.5–2.7) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.2) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5–3.3) | ||||||||
| SIRthyroid: 0.5 (95% CI: 0.0–2.7) | ||||||||
| Susini [25] | 2012 | Retrospective cohort | 733 | ET (51%) PV (41%) PMF (8%) |
Mean 6.5 |
General population incidence of solid neoplasms in the Tuscany cancer registry, Italy | All solid cancers | |
| SIRMPN: 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.1) | ||||||||
| SIRET: 0.8 (95% CI: 0.5–1.3) | ||||||||
| SIRPV: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6–1.4) | ||||||||
| All MPNs | ||||||||
| SIRcolon: 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3–1.5) | ||||||||
| SIRlung: 0.9 (95% CI: 0.4–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRmelanoma: 3.7 (95% CI: 1.4–9.6) | ||||||||
| SIRNMSC: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.3–4.5) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 0.7 (95% CI: 0.3–1.8) | ||||||||
| Khanal [23] | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | 3941 | PV | 64 | 4.7 (0.4–12.5) | Incidence of solid neoplasms in the US National Cancer Institute database | SIRall solid: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.3–20.7) |
| SIRcolon: 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3–1.0) | ||||||||
| SIRlung: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9–1.6) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6–1.5) | ||||||||
| SIRmelanoma: 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–2.8) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0–3.1) | ||||||||
| SIRthyroid: 3.1 (95% CI: 1.5–5.7) | ||||||||
| Brunner [9] | 2016 | Retrospective cohort | 20,250 | ET PV MF MPN-U |
ET: 66 PV: 63 MF: 69 MPN-U: 71 |
3.5 | Age-adjusted general US population | All solid cancers |
| IRRET: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.5) | ||||||||
| IRRPV: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.6) | ||||||||
| IRRMF: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8) | ||||||||
| IRRMPN-U: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4–1.8) | ||||||||
| All MPNs | ||||||||
| IRRcolon: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.1) | ||||||||
| IRRlung: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4–1.8) | ||||||||
| IRRbreast: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9–1.3) | ||||||||
| IRRmelanoma: 2.2 (95% CI: 1.8–2.7) | ||||||||
| IRRprostate: 0.6 (95% CI: 0.5–0.6) | ||||||||
| IRRkidney: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.6–2.6) | ||||||||
| IRRthyroid: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.6–3.2) | ||||||||
| Shrestha [28] | 2016 | Retrospective cohort | 8116 | ET | 68 (1–107) | 3 (0.5–10.8) | US SEER database cancer incidence | SIRall solid: 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0–1.4) |
| SIRcolon: 0.7 (95% CI: 0.3–1.2) | ||||||||
| SIRlung: 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7–1.6) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7–1.7) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2–4.4) | ||||||||
| Masarova [29] | 2016 | Retrospective cohort | 417 | ET (40%) PV (60%) |
(15–84) | US general population | SIRcolon: 1.6 (95% CI: −0.2–3.5) | |
| SIRlung: 1.2 (95% CI: −2.1–4.4) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 1.3 (95% CI: 0.0–2.5) | ||||||||
| SIRmelanoma: 3.3 (95% CI: −0.4–7.1) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 0.8 (95% CI:−0.3–1.9) | ||||||||
| SIRthyroid: 3.7 (95% CI: −1.4–8.8) | ||||||||
| Landtblom [11] | 2018 | Retrospective single cohort and matched cohort study | 9379 | ET (28%) PV (45%) PMF (15%) MPN-NOS (12%) |
67.5 | 7.7 | Incidence of solid neoplasms in the Swedish cancer registry For the matched cohort study, four comparisons per MPN patient from the general population matched on age, sex, and residency |
All solid cancers |
| SIRMPN: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.5) | ||||||||
| HRMPN: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5–1.7) | ||||||||
| HRET: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4–1.8) | ||||||||
| HRPV: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4–1.7) | ||||||||
| HRPMF: 1.5 (95% CI: 1.2–1.9) | ||||||||
| HRMPN-U: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.5–2.5) | ||||||||
| All MPNs | ||||||||
| SIRcolon: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.2) | ||||||||
| SIRlung: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.6) | ||||||||
| SIRbreast: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.2) | ||||||||
| SIRmelanoma: 1.9 (95% CI: 1.4–2.7) | ||||||||
| SIRNMSC: 3.3 (95% CI: 2.9–3.8) | ||||||||
| SIRprostate: 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0–1.3) | ||||||||
| SIRkidney: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.5–2.7) | ||||||||
| Chattopadhyay [13] | 2018 | Retrospective cohort | 13,805 | ET (30%) PV (48%) MF (11%) MPN-NOS (12%) |
ET: 4 PV: 6 MF: 2 MPN-U: 3 |
Incidence of solid neoplasms in the Swedish cancer registry | All MPNs | |
| IRRcolon: 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8–1.0) | ||||||||
| IRRlung: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.2–1.6) | ||||||||
| IRRbreast: 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8–1.2) | ||||||||
| IRRmelanoma: 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4–2.2) | ||||||||
| IRRNMSC: 2.0 (95% CI: 1.7–2.3) | ||||||||
| IRRprostate: 1.1 (95% CI: 1.0–1.2) | ||||||||
| IRRkidney: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.7–2.7) |
ET: essential thrombocythemia, PV: polycythemia vera, CML: chronic myeloid leukemia, PMF: primary myelofibrosis, SMF: secondary myelofibrosis, MF: myelofibrosis, MPN-U: MPN unspecified, SIR: standardized incidence ratio, NHL: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, NMSC: non-melanoma skin cancer, IRR: incidence rate ratio, and 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. HR: hazard ratio for a solid cancer diagnosis in patients with MPN compared to age, sex, and residency-matched comparisons from the general population. SEER: surveillance, epidemiology, and end results.