Table 1.
Pharmacopeial methods applied on drug analysis and their respective limit of quantification (LOQs).
| Drug | Chromatographic Conditions (Stationary and Mobile Phase; λ; Flow Rate; Injection Volume) | LOQ (μg/mL) |
|---|---|---|
| Acyclovir | C-18 (5 µm; 250 × 4.2 mm), acetic acid: water (1:1000); 254 nm; 3.0 mL/min; 20 µL | 46.3 |
| Amoxicillin | C18 (5 µm; 250 × 4.0 mm); acetonitrile e phosphate buffer pH 5.0 (4:96); 230 nm, 1.5 mL/min, 10 μL | 1.00 |
| Atenolol | C-18 (5 µm; 300 × 3.9 mm); Dissolve 1.1 g of sodium heptane sulfonate and 0.71 g of sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous in 700 mL of water. Add 2 mL of dibutylamine. Adjust pH 3.0. Add methanol (300 mL); 226 nm; 0.6 mL/min; 10 µL | 3.4 |
| Caffeine | C-18 (5 µm; 150 × 4.6 mm); Solution of 1.64 g anhydrous sodium acetate in 2000 mL of water. Take 1910 mL of this solution add acetonitrile (50 mL), tetrahydrofuran (40 mL). Adjust pH 4.5 with glacial acetic acid; 275 nm; 1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 19.0 |
| Carbamazepine | CN ((250 mm × 4,.6 mm); Water, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran (85:12:3), 0.22 mL formic acid and 0.5 mL triethylamine; 230 nm, 1.5 mL/min, 20 μL | 0.03 |
| Cimetidine | C-18 (5 µm; 300 × 3.9 mm); 20% methanol in 0.3% phosphoric acid solution; 220 nm; 2.0 mL/min; 50 µL | 1.0 |
| Diclofenac sodium | C-8 (5 µm; 250 × 4.6 mm); phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and methanol (30:70); 254 nm; 1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 0.20 |
| Furosemide | C-18 (5 µm; 250 × 4.6 mm); Water, tetrahydrofuran, and glacial acetic acid (70:30:1); 254 nm; 1.0 mL/min; 20 µL | 16.6 |
| Hydrochlor-thiazide | C-18 (5 µm; 150 × 4.6 mm); Solution A: acetonitrile and methanol (3:1). Solution B: 0.5% formic acid. Gradient: 0–3 min. Sol A: Sol B (3:97), 5–14 min. Sol A: Sol. B (3 to 36:97 to 64), 14–18 min. The Sol. A: Sol B (36 to 3:64 to 97), 18–20 min. Sol A: Sol B (3:97); 275 nm; 1.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 7.8 |
| Ibuprofen | C-18 (5 µm; 250 × 4.6 mm); 4% chloroacetic acid pH 3.0 and acetonitrile (40:60); 254 nm; 2.0 mL/min; 10 µL | 13.9 |
| Ketoprophen | C18 (3 µm; 150 × 4.6 mm); water, acetonitrile, and phosphate buffer pH3.5 (55:43:22); 233 nm, 1.0 mL/min, 20 μL | 1.56 |
| Metoprolol | C-18 (5 µm; 300 × 3.9 mm); 961 mg of pentane sulfonate, 82 mg of anhydrous sodium acetate, 550 mL of methanol, 470 mL of water and 0.57 mL of acetic acid; 254 nm; 1.0 mL/min; 30 µL | 13.8 |
| Methyldopa | C18 (5 µm; 300 × 3.9 mm); Monobasic phosphate buffer pH 3.5; 280 nm, 1.0 mL/min, 50 μL | 0.12 |
| Naproxen | C-18 (5 µm; 150 × 4.6 mm); Acetonitrile, water, and glacial acetic acid (50:49:1); 254 nm; 1.2 mL/min; 20 µL | 3.6 |
| Piroxicam | C-18 (5 µm; 250 × 4.6 mm); Buffer solution containing 7.72 g of anhydrous citric acid in 400 mL of water and 5.35 g dibasic sodium phosphate in 100 mL of water, mix the two solutions and adjust volume to 1000 mL with water.Mix buffer and methanol (55:45); 254 nm; 1.2 mL/min; 20 µL | 4.0 |
| Propranolol | C-8 (5 µm; 250 × 4.6 mm); Dissolve 0.5 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate in 18 mL of 0.15 M phosphoric acid. Add 90 mL of acetonitrile, 90 mL of methanol, dilute with water to complete 250 mL; 290 nm; 1.5 mL/min; 20 µL | 8.2 |
| Ranitidine | C-18 (3.5 μm; 10 × 4.6 mm); buffer phosphate pH 7.1: acetonitrile (80:20); 230 nm, 1.5 mL/min, 35°C, 10 μL | 7.4 |
| Trimethoprim | C-18 (5 μm; 250 × 4.2 mm); 1% glacial acetic acid: acetonitrile (21:4); 254 nm, 2 mL/min, 10 μL | 0.15 |
| Theophylline | C-18 (5 μm; 300 × 4.0 mm); 7% acetonitrile in sodium acetate buffer; 280 nm, 1 mL/min, 10 μL | 0.22 |
| Verapamil | C-18 (5 µm; 150 × 4.6 mm); 0.015 N sodium acetate in 3.3% glacial acetic acid. add acetonitrile and 2-amino-heptane (70:30:0.5); 278 nm; 0.9 mL/min; 10 µL | 0.50 |