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. 2020 Oct 26;10:18215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75209-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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APP23 mice show impaired spatial learning, which is moderately improved by chia seeds, especially with age. APP23 mice show deteriorated reversal learning, which is improved by SRD. (a,b) Mean distance per day covered by PRE (a) and ADV mice (b) during acquisition phase (day 1–3) and reversal learning phase (day 4–5) in the MWM. Letters indicate significant factors (t = time, d = diet, g = genotype, combination of letters = interaction of two or three factors) regardless of significance level (p < 0.05), according to nonparametric repeated measures ANOVA-type test statistic. (c–f) Mean distance covered in the MWM by PRE (c, e) and ADV mice (d, f) on day 3, the last day of the acquisition phase, and day 5, the last day of the reversal learning phase, respectively. Each box represents the 25th to 75th percentile, the line represents the median, whiskers reach from minimum to maximum. An asterisk indicates significant differences between groups regardless of significance level (p < 0.05), according to nonparametric multiple contrast Tukey-type test. WT wild type control, APP23 transgenic mouse model, PRE pre-plaque stage, ADV advanced-plaque stage, CD control, SRD sucrose-rich, Chia chia seed supplementation.