In vitro sfRNA production and viral growth kinetics of ZIKV X1 compared to WT ZIKV clone. (A) A549 cells were infected with either X1 or WT clone at a MOI of 1. At 48 h post infection (HPI), cellular RNA was collected and the presence of ZIKV sfRNAs was detected in two biological replicates per infection via Northern blot using a ZIKV 3′ UTR-specific probe. To analyze viral growth kinetics, human A549 cells (B), (C) or Aedes albopictus U4.4 cells (D), (E) were infected with X1 or WT at an MOI of 0.1. At 0, 24, 48, and 72 HPI, supernatant was collected and used to measure either extracellular viral RNA via RT-qPCR (B–D) or infectious virus via FFU assay (C–E). (B–E) Dashed lines represent the limit of detection (LOD). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean for six replicates across two independent experiments. (n = 6, NS by two-way ANOVA).