Table 4.

Results of multiple linear regression analyses on child spontaneous and reported (MB-CDI Words and Sentences Short Form) speech measures.

Dependent Variables	Predictors	Standardized β	adj. R2	F(df)	p
Child Spontaneous Speech
Word Types	Cognitive Score	0.34 **	0.24	7.38 (3, 57)	<0.001
	Chronological Age	0.43 ***
	Input Types	−0.23 *
Word Tokens	Family History of LLD	−0.21 †	0.21	4.90 (4, 56)	0.002
	Cognitive Score	0.29 *
	Chronological Age	0.35 *
	Input MLU	−0.28 *
Nouns	Cognitive Score	0.31 *	0.17	5.16 (3, 57)	0.003
	Chronological Age	0.28 *
	Input MLU	−0.27 *
Verbs	Cognitive Score	0.30 *	0.14	6.05 (2, 58)	0.004
	Chronological Age	0.36 **
Adjectives	Birth Status	0.26 †	0.27	6.69 (4, 56)	<0.001
	Family History of LLD	−0.32 **
	Cognitive Score	0.21 †
	Chronological Age	0.24 †
Function Words	Birth Status	0.28 †	0.09	4.08 (2, 58)	0.022
	Input Tokens	−0.29 *
Yes/No Tokens	Chronological Age	0.22 †	0.11	4.85 (2, 58)	0.011
	Input Types	−0.32 *
Onomatopoeic Tokens	Gender	−0.37 **	0.20	6.16 (3, 57)	0.001
	Chronological Age	0.20 †
	Input Tokens	−0.34 **
Unintelligible Tokens	Cognitive Score	−0.25 *	0.22	9.70 (2, 58)	<0.001
	Input MLU	−0.40 **
MB-CDI Measures
Word Production	Birth Status	0.22 †	0.23	9.74 (2, 58)	<0.001
	Cognitive Score	0.46 ***
Incomplete Sentences	Birth Status	0.28 *	0.14	6.10 (2, 58)	0.004
	Cognitive Score	0.32 **
Total Sentences	Birth Status	0.26 *	0.13	5.39 (2, 58)	0.007
	Cognitive Score	0.31 *

Child (birth status, gender, family history of language and/or learning disorders [LLDs], cognitive score, chronological age) and parent variables (educational level, input types, input tokens, and input MLU) were entered in the models as independent predictors. Birth Status: full-term = 0, low-risk preterm = 1; gender: M = 0, F = 1; family history of LLD: no = 0, yes = 1; educational level: ≤13 years = 0, >13 years = 1. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, ^† p < 0.10. The MB-CDI Complete Sentences model is not displayed because no significant results emerged.