| Iz | 2,5-diamino-4H-imidazol-4-one |
| Oz | 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone |
| Gf | guanidinoformimine |
| Gh | guanidinohydantoin |
| Ia | iminoallantoin |
| Sp | spiroiminodihydantoin |
| 2Ih | 5-carboxamido-5-formamido-2-iminohydantoin |
| Ua | urea |
| 8-oxoG | 8-oxoguanine |
| E. coli | Escherichia coli |
| Klenow fragment exo- | the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I exonuclease minus |
| dR | deoxyribose |
| NI | 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole |
| Si | spirodi(iminohydantoin) |
| HICA | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid |
| cG | 8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyguanosine |
| SARS-CoV-2 | 2019 novel coronavirus |
| RdRp | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| R | ribose |