Table 2.
Generalized least square analyses of work activities, season, and camp variables associated with GC and IgA concentrations.
| Variables | FGM | Salivary Cortisol | Fecal IgA | Salivary IgA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | SEM | p-Value | Estimate | SEM | p-Value | Estimate | SEM | p-Value | Estimate | SEM | p-Value | ||
| Age | (DF = 1523; F = 0.15; AIC = 4570.72) | (DF = 1519, F = 0.90; AIC = 957.51) | (DF = 1523; F = 0.24; AIC = 1577.13) | (DF = 1515; F = 4.11; AIC = 3693.48) | |||||||||
| −0.029 | 0.07 | 0.692 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.342 | 0.004 | 0.009 | 0.623 | 0.093 | 0.046 | 0.043 | ||
| Work types | (DF = 2522; F = 9.72; AIC = 4546.44) | (DF = 2518; F = 19.60; AIC = 950.51) | (DF = 2522; F = 15.84; AIC = 1549.68) | (DF = 2514; F = 1.59; AIC = 3686.76) | |||||||||
| None | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Bareback | −0.498 | 2.144 | 0.816 | −0.299 | 0.059 | <0.01 | 1.243 | 0.232 | <0.01 | 2.792 | 1.597 | 0.081 | |
| Saddle | −8.267 | 1.995 | <0.01 | 0.073 | 0.054 | 0.177 | 0.111 | 0.215 | 0.604 | 0.521 | 1.485 | 0.725 | |
| Camp size | (DF = 2522; F = 0.09; AIC = 4560.92) | (DF = 2518; F = 15.93; AIC = 932.01) | (DF = 2522; F = 6.53; AIC = 1560.53) | (DF = 2514; F = 3.21; AIC = 3682.57) | |||||||||
| Large | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Medium | 0.560 | 2.207 | 0.799 | −0.260 | 0.052 | <0.01 | 0.803 | 0.228 | <0.01 | 2.203 | 1.312 | 0.093 | |
| Small | 2.008 | 5.014 | 0.689 | −0.409 | 0.118 | <0.01 | −0.158 | 0.522 | 0.761 | −4.831 | 2.992 | 0.107 | |
| Tourist-to-elephant ratio | (DF = 2522; F = 21.28; AIC = 4533.05) | (DF = 2518; F = 3.13; AIC = 950.88) | (DF = 2522; F = 4.01; AIC = 1565.70) | (DF = 2514; F = 3.36; AIC = 3683.47) | |||||||||
| High | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Moderate | 6.745 | 2.093 | <0.01 | −0.176 | 0.087 | 0.043 | 0.228 | 0.323 | 0.481 | 3.506 | 1.761 | 0.047 | |
| Low | 12.254 | 1.914 | <0.01 | −0.194 | 0.079 | 0.015 | 0.752 | 0.295 | 0.011 | 4.093 | 1.601 | 0.011 | |
| Daily work hours | (DF = 1523; F = 13.36; AIC = 4551.26) | (DF = 1519; F = 2.36; AIC = 948.01) | (DF = 1523; F = 0.69; AIC = 1568.63) | (DF = 1515; F = 1.51; AIC = 3687.83) | |||||||||
| −13.804 | 3.775 | <0.01 | 0.205 | 0.133 | 0.124 | 0.416 | 0.498 | 0.403 | 3.331 | 2.706 | 0.218 | ||
| Total chain hours | (DF = 1523; F = 15.59; AIC = 4550.82) | (DF = 1519; F = 3.26; AIC = 948.48) | (DF = 1523; F = 2.74; AIC = 1568.75) | (DF = 1515; F = 0.52; AIC = 3690.92) | |||||||||
| <17 h | Reference | ||||||||||||
| ≥17 h | −7.556 | 1.913 | <0.01 | −0.123 | 0.07 | 0.071 | 0.427 | 0.258 | 0.098 | 1.031 | 1.418 | 0.467 | |
| Socialization time | (DF = 2522; F = 14.30; AIC = 4540.70) | (DF = 2518; F = 14.97; AIC = 934.44) | (DF = 2522; F = 4.59; AIC = 1564.92) | (DF = 2514; F = 0.55; AIC = 3688.80) | |||||||||
| 0-h | Reference | ||||||||||||
| 1-h | 5.967 | 1.907 | <0.01 | −0.296 | 0.059 | <0.01 | 0.658 | 0.266 | 0.013 | 1.190 | 1.559 | 0.445 | |
| 2-h | 10.834 | 2.032 | <0.01 | −0.037 | 0.063 | 0.553 | −0.066 | 0.283 | 0.814 | −0.381 | −0.229 | 0.818 | |
| Tourist feeding | (DF = 1523; F = 19.84; AIC = 4547.85) | (DF = 1519; F = 8.51; AIC = 943.93) | (DF = 1523; F = 1.81; AIC = 1568.86) | (DF = 1515; F = 0.13; AIC = 3690.54) | |||||||||
| No | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 8.083 | 1.814 | <0.01 | −0.184 | 0.063 | <0.01 | 0.343 | 0.255 | 0.178 | 0.505 | 1.397 | 0.717 | |
| Months | (DF = 11,513; F = 19.31; AIC = 4367.19) | (DF = 11,509; F = 21.56; AIC = 807.05) | (DF = 11,513; F = 3.82; AIC = 1568.63) | (DF = 11,505; F = 13.41; AIC = 3557.42) | |||||||||
| January | Reference | ||||||||||||
| February | −26.844 | 3.273 | <0.01 | 0.202 | 0.102 | 0.047 | 0.429 | 0.202 | 0.034 | 0.076 | 1.530 | 0.960 | |
| March | −35.979 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.473 | 0.102 | <0.01 | 0.348 | 0.202 | 0.086 | −1.149 | 1.530 | 0.453 | |
| April | −30.292 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.589 | 0.102 | <0.01 | 0.241 | 0.202 | 0.233 | −0.419 | 1.530 | 0.783 | |
| May | −30.608 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.406 | 0.102 | <0.01 | 0.080 | 0.203 | 0.693 | 0.713 | 1.539 | 0.643 | |
| June | −37.322 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.555 | 0.102 | <0.01 | 0.347 | 0.202 | 0.086 | 2.672 | 1.539 | 0.083 | |
| July | −35.958 | 3.293 | <0.01 | −0.547 | 0.103 | <0.01 | −0.431 | 0.202 | 0.033 | 3.796 | 1.549 | 0.014 | |
| August | −32.672 | 3.293 | <0.01 | −0.904 | 0.105 | <0.01 | −0.262 | 0.202 | 0.195 | 4.999 | 1.549 | <0.01 | |
| September | −32.813 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.818 | 0.102 | <0.01 | −0.157 | 0.202 | 0.438 | 3.980 | 1.539 | 0.010 | |
| October | −32.484 | 3.293 | <0.01 | −0.810 | 0.102 | <0.01 | −0.250 | 0.202 | 0.216 | 1.201 | 1.549 | 0.438 | |
| November | −19.914 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.868 | 0.102 | <0.01 | −0.001 | 0.202 | 0.995 | 8.131 | 1.530 | <0.01 | |
| December | −27.003 | 3.273 | <0.01 | −0.523 | 0.102 | <0.01 | 0.246 | 0.205 | 0.229 | 12.519 | 1.549 | <0.01 | |
| Environmental season | (DF = 2522; F = 47.39; AIC = 4477.03) | (DF = 2518; F = 32.12; AIC = 897.62) | (DF = 2522; F = 15.69; AIC = 1547.01) | (DF = 2514; F = 15.58; AIC = 3662.10) | |||||||||
| Rainy | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Summer | −0.081 | 1.792 | 0.963 | 0.262 | 0.059 | <0.01 | 0.531 | 0.101 | <0.01 | −3.060 | 0.854 | <0.01 | |
| Winter | 15.028 | 1.792 | <0.01 | 0.472 | 0.058 | <0.01 | 0.443 | 0.101 | <0.01 | 1.597 | 0.854 | 0.062 | |
| Tourist season | (DF = 1523; F = 94.97; AIC = 4478.04) | (DF = 1519; F = 42.73; AIC = 911.24) | (DF = 1523; F = 3.87; AIC = 1568.87) | (DF = 1515; F = 17.89; AIC = 3674.32) | |||||||||
| High | Reference | ||||||||||||
| Low | −15.069 | 1.546 | <0.01 | −0.338 | 0.051 | <0.01 | −0.178 | 0.091 | 0.049 | −3.151 | 0.744 | <0.01 | |