| OSA | osteosarcoma |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| COX2 | cyclooxygenase 2 |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| cAMP | cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| GSK3 | glycogen synthase kinase 3 |
| CX43 | connexin 43 |
| TRPV4 | transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 4 |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| P2R | P2 purinergic receptor |
| PLC | phospholipase C |
| MLCK | myosin light chain kinase |
| EV | extracellular vesicle |
| RANKL | receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |
| OGN | osteoprotegerin |
| FAK | focal adhesion kinase |
| Rho | Ras homologue |
| GTPase | guanosine triphosphatase |
| LEF/TCF | lymphoid enhancer-binding factor/T-cell factor |
| p38 MAPK | p38 mitogen activated protein kinase |
| NF-kappa B | nuclear factor kappa B |
| BMP | bone morphogenetic protein |
| SMAD | small mothers against decapentaplegic |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| OCN | osteocalcin |
| COL1 | collagen 1 |
| JNK | Jun N-terminal kinase |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| IGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| LOX | lysyl oxidase |
| ROCK | Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase |
| kPa | kilo pascals |
| PEGDA | polyethylene glycol diacrylate |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| HIF1-alpha | hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| FNIII A1 | fibronectin III A1 |
| TN-C | tenascin C |
| 4E-BP1 | eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 |
| S6K1 | p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 |
| P4H | prolyl 4-hydroxylases |
| PLOD | procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase |
| UPS | undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma |
| TAZ | transcriptional co-activator with a PDZ-binding motif |
| YAP | yes-associated protein |
| MRTF-A/-B | myocardin-related transcription factor-A/-B |
| MST1/2 | mammalian Ste20-like kinase |
| LATS1/2 | large animal tumour suppressor 1/2 |
| TEAD | TEA domain family member |
| CYR61 | cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 |
| CTGF | connective tissue growth factor |
| CCND1 | cyclin D1 |
| PCL | poly(ε-caprolactone) |
| SCID | severe combined immunodeficiency |
| PDGF | platelet derived growth factor |
| SCF | stem cell factor |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| SRF | serum-response factors |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| ERM | ezrin, radixin, moesin |
| FERM | four point one, ezrin radixin, moesin |
| ICAM-2 | intercellular adhesion molecule 2 |
| PIP2 | phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate |
| PKC | protein kinase C |
| LINC | linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton |
| NER | nucleotide excision repair |
| K-RAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog |
| SSEA4+ | stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 positive |
| SWE | shear wave elastography |
| COL10A1 | collagen type X alpha 1 |
| COL11A1 | collagen type XI alpha 1 |
| SPARC | secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine |
| IGF1R | insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor |