Table 1.
Summary of the study parameters by sex and ethnicity.
| Roma Males (n = 159) |
Non-Roma Males (n = 185) |
Roma Females (n = 293) | Non-Roma Females (n = 218) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean | Standard Deviation | p | Mean | Standard Deviation | Mean | Standard Deviation | p | |
| Age (years) | 33.78 | 9.25 | 33.03 | 7.41 | 0.414 | 35.16 | 9.06 | 33.92 | 7.40 | 0.095 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.79 | 5.94 | 25.79 | 4.26 | 0.079 | 26.44 | 6.01 | 24.07 | 4.36 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 127 | 16 | 125 | 14 | 0.218 | 120 | 19 | 118 | 15 | 0.322 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77 | 12 | 77 | 10 | 0.861 | 74 | 11 | 75 | 10 | 0.074 |
| Uric acid (umol/L) | 265.7 | 89 | 304.65 | 84.62 | <0.0001 | 205.06 | 65.07 | 220.11 | 62.08 | 0.009 |
| Albumin (mg/L) | 47.68 | 2.57 | 47.77 | 2.57 | 0.747 | 46.01 | 2.69 | 46.61 | 3.28 | 0.024 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.64 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 0.976 | 0.58 | 0.17 | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.034 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 92 | 9.58 | 91.70 | 11.06 | 0.788 | 76.36 | 7.78 | 79.18 | 7.09 | <0.0001 |
| AST (ukat/L) | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.669 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.095 |
| ALT (ukat/L) | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.788 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.762 |
| GMT (ukat/L) | 0.65 | 1.18 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.981 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.34 | 0.49 | 0.470 |
| Fe (mmol/L) | 18.03 | 7.16 | 19.32 | 6.55 | 0.081 | 14.57 | 6.03 | 17.90 | 7.22 | <0.0001 |
| Feritin (mg/L) | 403.9 | 391.84 | 302.67 | 236.26 | 0.004 | 102.66 | 107.05 | 71.00 | 93.81 | <0.0001 |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.30 | 4.08 | 1.72 | 2.67 | <0.0001 | 2.95 | 3.96 | 2.19 | 2.95 | 0.014 |
| Poverty (%) | 52.2 | 11.4 | <0.0001 | 46.1 | 12.8 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Alcohol daily > 20 g (%) | 15.7 | 17.5 | 0.8 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 0.319 | ||||
| Smokers (%) | 62.9 | 34.6 | <0.0001 | 58 | 22.6 | <0.0001 | ||||
n = total number of participants in each group, patients excluded based on data availability for individual analyses. BMI—body mass index; AST—aspartate-aminotransferase; ALT—alanine-aminotransferase; GMT—gamma-glutamyl transferase; Fe—serum iron level; hsCRP—high sensitivity C-reactive protein.