Table 2.
Completed oncolytic virotherapy clinical trials in patients with brain tumors.
| Virus | Features | Phase | Disease | Delivery | Combination | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | |||||||
| ONYX-015 | E1B-55k and E3 deletion | I | Recurrent MG | IT | n = 24; PR: 1; PD: 23 | [62] | |
| DNX-2401 | Δ24 deletion in E1A RGD-4C insertion |
I | Recurrent MG | IT | n = 25; CR: 3; PR: 2; SD: 13; PD: 7 | [12] | |
| I | Recurrent GBM | IT | TMZ | NA | NCT01956734 | ||
| Ib | Recurrent GBM or GSM | IT | IFN-γ | NA | NCT02197169 | ||
| I/II | GBM | IT | NA | NCT01582516 | |||
| NSC-CRAd- Survivin-pk7 |
NSCs loaded with an OAd | I | MG | IT | Radiation TMZ |
NA | NCT03072134 |
| Herpesvirus | |||||||
| HSV1716 | ICP34.5 deletion | I | Recurrent MG | IT | n = 9; CR: 2; SD: 5; PD: 2 | [63] | |
| I | MG | IT | n = 12; CR: 1; SD: 8; PD: 1 | [64] | |||
| I | MG | IT | n = 12; SD: 2; PD: 10 | [65] | |||
| I | Recurrent MG | IT | DXM | NA | NCT02031965 | ||
| G207 | ICP34.5 deletion ICP6 deletion |
Ib/II | Recurrent MG | IT | n = 21; SD: 4; PD: 17 | [66] | |
| Ib | Recurrent GBM | IT | NA | [67] | |||
| I | MG | IT | 5-Gy radiation | n = 9; PR: 1; SD: 5; PD: 3 | [15] | ||
| G47∆ | ICP34.5/ICP6/ICP47 deletion | I/IIa | Recurrent GBM | IT | NA | UMIN000002661 | |
| II | Recurrent GBM | IT | NA | UMIN000015995 | |||
| Reovirus | |||||||
| Reolysin | Wild-type Serotype 3 |
I/II | Recurrent MG | IT | NA | NCT00528684 | |
| I | Recurrent MG | IT | n = 15; PR: 1; SD: 10; PD: 4 | [68] | |||
| Ib | Brain tumor | IV | NA | [52] | |||
| NDV | |||||||
| NDV-HJU | Attenuated NDV strain | I/II | Recurrent GBM | IV | n = 11; CR: 1; SD: 6; PD: 4 | [53] | |
| MTH-68/H | I | Advanced MG | IV | n = 12; PR: 4; SD: 3; PD: 5 | [54,69] | ||
| Parvovirus | |||||||
| ParvOryx01 | Wild-type H-1 | I/II | Primary or recurrent GBM | IT/IV | n = 18; SD: 6; PD: 12 | [51] | |
| Retrovirus | |||||||
| Toca 511 | Nonlytic FCU1 insertion |
I | Recurrent MG | IT/IV | 5-FC prodrug | n = 43; CR: 2; PR: 2; SD: 8; PD: 31 | [14,60] |
| Measles virus | |||||||
| MV-CEA | Attenuated hCEA expression |
I | Recurrent GBM | IT | n = 22; SD: 20; PD: 2 | NCT00390299 |
Abbreviations: AA: astrocytoma, CR: complete response, DXM: dexamethasone, 5-FC: 5-Fluorocytosine, GBM: glioblastoma, GSM: gliosarcoma, hCEA: human carcinoembryonic antigen, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, IT: intratumorally, IV: intravenously, MG: malignant glioma, n: number of patients enrolled, NA: information not available, NDV: Newcastle disease virus, NSC: neural stem cell, OAd: oncolytic adenovirus, PD: progression disease, PR: partial response, RGD: arginyl-glycil-aspartic acid motif, SD: stable disease, and TMZ: temozolomide.