Table 3.
Current active oncolytic virotherapy clinical trials in patients with brain tumors.
| Virus | Features | Phase | Disease | Delivery | Combination | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenovirus | ||||||
| DNX-2401 | Δ24 deletion in E1A RGD-4C insertion |
II | BT | IT | Pembro | NCT02798406 [70] |
| I | Naïve DIPG | IT | NCT03178032 [29] | |||
| DNX-2440 | DNX-2401 with OX40L expression | I | Recurrent GBM | IT | NCT03714334 | |
| Herpesvirus | ||||||
| G207 | ICP34.5 deletion ICP6 deletion |
I | Recurrent supratentorial BT | IT | -/5-Gy radiation | NCT02457845 |
| I | Recurrent cerebellar BT | IT | -/5-Gy radiation | NCT03911388 | ||
| G47∆ | ICP34.5 and ICP47 deletion ICP6 deletion |
I | Olfactory NBM | IT | UMIN000011636 | |
| C134 | ICP34.5 deletion Expression of IRS1 |
I | Recurrent MG | IT | NCT03657576 | |
| M032 | ICP34.5 deletion IL-12 expression | I | Recurrent GBM, AA or GSM | IT | NCT02062827 [71] | |
| rQNestin34.5 | ICP34.5 expression under nestin promoter | I | Recurrent MG | IT | CP | NCT03152318 |
| Reovirus | ||||||
| Reolysin | Wild-type Serotype 3 |
I | Pediatric relapsed BT | IV | GM-CSF | NCT02444546 |
| Poliovirus | ||||||
| PVSRIPO | Attenuated IRES replaced by IRES from HRV2 |
I | Recurrent MG | IT | NCT01491893 [13] | |
| Ib | Pediatric recurrent MG | IT | NCT03043391 | |||
| II | Recurrent MG | IT | NCT02986178 | |||
| Vaccinia virus | ||||||
| TG6002 |
J2R/ I4L deletions FCU1 insertion |
I/IIa | Recurrent GBM | IV | 5-FC prodrug | NCT03294486 |
| Measles virus | ||||||
| MV-NIS | Attenuated strain Expression of NIS |
I | Recurrent MB or AT/RT | IT | NCT02962167 |
Abbreviations: AA: astrocytoma, AT/RT: atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, BT; brain tumor, CP: cyclophosphamide, 5-FC: 5-Fluorocytosine, GBM: glioblastoma, DIPG: diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GSM: gliosarcoma, IRES: internal ribosomal entry site, IT: intratumorally, IV: intravenously, MB: medulloblastoma, MG: malignant glioma, NBM: neuroblastoma, NIS: human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter, Pembro: pembrolizumab, and RGD: arginyl-glycil-aspartic acid motif.