Figure 1.

Biogenesis mechanisms of EVs, exosomes, and microvesicles. Endocytosis, an active process, begins with the generation of endosomes after cells are internalized within the extracellular fluid material to form internal vesicles and early and late endosomes. Furthermore, multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are formed via inward budding of a late endosomal membrane. Moreover, MVBs can fuse with either the plasmalemma, releasing their cargo into extracellular space, or with lysosomes, wherein their contents are degraded.