Table 2.

Clinical studies exploring the use of EVs in cancer research studies.

Clinical Trial Identifier/Phase Status	Malignancy Investigated	EVs Use
NCT03236675/active, not recruiting	NSCLC	Detection of EML4-ALK fusion transcripts and T790M EGFR mutation
NCT03108677/recruiting	Osteosarcoma	Biomarkers for lung metastases, based on the RNS profile
NCT03985696/recruiting	Non-Hodgkin B-cell Lymphomas	Investigate EVs roles in immunotherapy, as carriers of therapeutic targets (CD20, PDL-1)
NCT03217266/recruiting	Soft tissue sarcoma	Detection of cell-free circulating tumor DNA mutations.
NCT02310451/unknown	Melanoma	Investigation of the effect of EVs produced by senescent melanoma cells
NCT03800121/recruiting	Sarcoma	Biomarkers for recurrence.
NCT03102268/unknown	Cholangiocarcinoma	Characterization of the ncRNAs in tumor derived EVs
NCT03911999/recruiting	Prostate cancer	Investigation of the relationship of urinary EVs and the aggressiveness of prostate cancer
NCT03711890/recruiting	Pancreatic cancer	Diagnostic biomarkers
NCT02869685/unknown	NSCLC	Detection of PD-L1 mRNA in plasma EVs
NCT03488134/active, not recruiting	Thyroid cancer	Urine exosomal proteins as biomarkers
NCT04258735/recruiting	Breast cancer	Diagnostic makers in a genomic panel
NCT02862470/active, not recruiting	Thyroid cancer	Urine EVs for the use as prognostic biomarkers
NCT01159288/completed	NSCLC	Treatment as tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cell-derived EVs
NCT04227886/recruiting	Rectal cancer	Biomarkers for toxicities and response to neoadjuvant therapy
NCT03608631/not yet recruiting	Pancreatic cancer	Treatment - mesenchymal stromal cells-derived EVs with KRAS G12D siRNA
NCT01779583/unknown	Gastric cancer	Prognostic and predictive biomarkers
NCT03874559/recruiting	Rectal cancer	Diagnostic biomarkers

Abbreviations: EVs- Extracellular vesicles; ncRNA–non-coding RNA; NSCLC–non-small cell lung cancer; PDL-1- programmed cell death ligand 1; siRNA–silence interfering RNA.