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. 2020 Oct 19;21(20):7731. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207731

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2–b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH) on the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) derived from young and elderly patients. (a) Young and elderly DPSCs were cultured in regular medium (RM), osteogenic medium (OM), or OM with TH for 14 days. Cells were stained with alizarin red S to detect matrix mineralization (n = 4). Quantification of alizarin red S staining was calculated in arbitrary units. (b) To detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, we subjected cells to ALP staining (n = 4). Quantification of ALP staining was calculated in arbitrary units. (c) Real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers in young and elderly DPSCs cultured in RM, OM, or OM with TH for 14 days (n = 4). Error bars represent the standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). The experiments were repeated three times.