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. 2020 Oct 20;10(10):2070. doi: 10.3390/nano10102070

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Scheme 1 — (A) Schematic diagram of the multilineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their application in tissue engineering. (B) The topographical properties (roughness, patterns, porosity) of the scaffolds influence the cell lineage decisions of MSCs and their application in tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on how the roughness, patterns, and porosity of biomaterials-based scaffolds direct the fate of MSCs and their application in bone and cartilage tissue engineering.