Table 2.
Distribution of ART adherence and HIV stigma
| ART Adherence | Total study population | Zambia | South Africa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n/2020% | n | n/1099% | n | n/921% | ||
| Currently taking ART | Yes | 1988 | 98.4% | 1092 | 99.4% | 896 | 97.3% |
| No | 32 | 1.6% | 7 | 0.6% | 25 | 2.7% | |
| Stopped ART in the past 12 months | Yes | 80 | 4.0% | 36 | 3.3% | 44 | 4.8% |
| No | 1908 | 94.5% | 1056 | 96.1% | 852 | 92.5% | |
| Missing | 32 | 1.6% | 7 | 0.6% | 25 | 2.7% | |
| Missed pills in the past 7 days | Yes | 244 | 12.1% | 153 | 13.9% | 91 | 9.9% |
| No | 1744 | 86.3% | 939 | 85.4% | 805 | 87.4% | |
| Missing | 32 | 1.6% | 7 | 0.6% | 25 | 2.7% | |
| ART adherence | Yes | 1700 | 84.2% | 913 | 83.1% | 787 | 85.5% |
| No | 320 | 15.8% | 186 | 16.9% | 134 | 14.5% | |
| HIV Stigma | |||||||
| I have lost respect or standing in the community because of my HIV status | Disagree | 1732 | 85.7% | 919 | 83.6% | 813 | 88.3% |
| Agree | 258 | 12.8% | 161 | 14.6% | 97 | 10.5% | |
| Missing | 30 | 1.5% | 19 | 1.7% | 11 | 1.2% | |
| I think less of myself | Disagree | 1763 | 87.3% | 952 | 86.6% | 811 | 88.1% |
| Agree | 240 | 11.9% | 137 | 12.5% | 103 | 11.2% | |
| Missing | 17 | 0.8% | 10 | 0.9% | 7 | 0.8% | |
| I have felt ashamed because of my HIV status | Disagree | 1758 | 87.0% | 945 | 86.0% | 813 | 88.3% |
| Agree | 242 | 12.0% | 141 | 12.8% | 101 | 11.0% | |
| Missing | 20 | 1.0% | 13 | 1.2% | 7 | 0.8% | |
| Internalised Stigma | No | 1552 | 76.8% | 819 | 74.5% | 733 | 79.6% |
| Yes | 434 | 21.5% | 257 | 23.4% | 177 | 19.2% | |
| Missing | 34 | 1.7% | 23 | 2.1% | 11 | 1.2% | |
| People have talked badly about me because of my HIV status | None | 1617 | 80.0% | 846 | 77.0% | 771 | 83.7% |
| Some | 382 | 18.9% | 238 | 21.7% | 144 | 15.6% | |
| Missing | 21 | 1.0% | 15 | 1.4% | 6 | 0.7% | |
| I have been verbally insulted, harassed and/or threatened because of my HIV status | None | 1803 | 89.3% | 972 | 88.4% | 831 | 90.2% |
| Some | 200 | 9.9% | 116 | 10.6% | 84 | 9.1% | |
| Missing | 17 | 0.8% | 11 | 1.0% | 6 | 0.7% | |
| I have been physically assaulted because of my HIV status | None | 1899 | 94.0% | 1046 | 95.2% | 853 | 92.6% |
| Some | 106 | 5.2% | 43 | 3.9% | 63 | 6.8% | |
| Missing | 15 | 0.7% | 10 | 0.9% | 5 | 0.5% | |
| Someone else disclosed my HIV status without my permission | None | 1682 | 83.3% | 904 | 82.3% | 778 | 84.5% |
| Some | 314 | 15.5% | 184 | 16.7% | 130 | 14.1% | |
| Missing | 24 | 1.2% | 11 | 1.0% | 13 | 1.4% | |
| I have felt that people have not wanted to sit next to me because of my HIV status | None | 1915 | 94.8% | 1060 | 96.5% | 855 | 92.8% |
| Some | 89 | 4.4% | 31 | 2.8% | 58 | 6.3% | |
| Missing | 16 | 0.8% | 8 | 0.7% | 8 | 0.9% | |
| Experienced stigma in the community | No | 1468 | 72.7% | 764 | 69.5% | 704 | 76.4% |
| Yes | 519 | 25.7% | 317 | 28.8% | 202 | 21.9% | |
| Missing | 33 | 1.6% | 18 | 1.6% | 15 | 1.6% | |
| Healthcare workers talked badly about me because of my HIV status | Disagree | 1905 | 94.3% | 1050 | 95.5% | 855 | 92.8% |
| Agree | 99 | 4.9% | 39 | 3.5% | 60 | 6.5% | |
| Missing | 16 | 0.8% | 10 | 0.9% | 6 | 0.7% | |
| A health worker disclosed my HIV status without my permission | Disagree | 1909 | 94.5% | 1054 | 95.9% | 855 | 92.8% |
| Agree | 91 | 4.5% | 35 | 3.2% | 56 | 6.1% | |
| Missing | 20 | 1.0% | 10 | 0.9% | 10 | 1.1% | |
| I have been denied health services because of my HIV status | Disagree | 1939 | 96.0% | 1081 | 98.4% | 858 | 93.2% |
| Agree | 65 | 3.2% | 10 | 0.9% | 55 | 6.0% | |
| Missing | 16 | 0.8% | 8 | 0.7% | 8 | 0.9% | |
| Experienced stigma in health settings | Disagree | 1844 | 91.3% | 1020 | 92.8% | 824 | 89.5% |
| Agree | 152 | 7.5% | 66 | 6.0% | 86 | 9.3% | |
| Missing | 24 | 1.2% | 13 | 1.2% | 11 | 1.2% | |