Table 3.
Univariable logistic regression estimates of odds ratios for each variable with ART adherence
| Study Population (N = 2020) | Non‐adherence (n = 320) | % | OR | 95% CI | P‐value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1790 | 277 | 15.5% | 1 | 0.22 | |
| Male | 230 | 43 | 18.7% | 1.26 | (0.88–1.79) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 | 128 | 19 | 14.8% | 0.97 | (0.56–1.68) | 0.50 |
| 25–29 | 344 | 66 | 19.2% | 1.32 | (0.91–1.91) | |
| 30–34 | 521 | 79 | 15.2% | 0.99 | (0.70–1.41) | |
| 35–39 | 567 | 86 | 15.2% | 0.99 | (0.71–1.40) | |
| >40 | 459 | 70 | 15.3% | 1 | ||
| Study Triplet | ||||||
| Zambia – 1 | 258 | 53 | 20.5% | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Zambia – 2 | 278 | 46 | 16.5% | 0.77 | (0.50–1.19) | |
| Zambia – 3 | 291 | 63 | 21.6% | 1.07 | (0.71–1.61) | |
| Zambia – 4 | 272 | 24 | 8.8% | 0.37 | (0.22–0.63) | |
| SA – 5 | 529 | 65 | 12.3% | 0.54 | (0.36–0.81) | |
| SA – 6 | 292 | 49 | 16.8% | 0.78 | (0.51–1.20) | |
| SA – 7 | 100 | 20 | 20.0% | 0.97 | (0.54–1.72) | |
| Socio‐economic | ||||||
| Wealth quintile | ||||||
| 1 – Lowest | 536 | 83 | 15.5% | 1 | 0.06 | |
| 2 | 426 | 70 | 16.4% | 1.07 | (0.76–1.52) | |
| 3 | 422 | 50 | 11.8% | 0.73 | (0.50–1.07) | |
| 4 | 408 | 73 | 17.9% | 1.19 | (0.84–1.68) | |
| 5 – Highest | 223 | 44 | 19.7% | 1.34 | (0.90–2.01) | |
| Missing | 5 | 5 | ||||
| Education | ||||||
| None/Primary | 558 | 84 | 15.1% | 1 | 0.04 | |
| Lower Secondary | 527 | 103 | 19.5% | 1.37 | (1.00–1.88) | |
| Upper Secondary/University | 919 | 133 | 14.5% | 0.95 | (0.71–1.28) | |
| Mobility | ||||||
| Nights away | ||||||
| No | 1685 | 249 | 14.8% | 1 | 0.002 | |
| Yes | 322 | 71 | 22.0% | 1.63 | (1.21–2.19) | |
| Behavioural | ||||||
| Alcohol Audit score‡ | ||||||
| Score 0–7 | 1771 | 253 | 14.3% | 1 | <0.001 | |
| Score 8–15 | 155 | 40 | 25.8% | 2.09 | (1.42–3.06) | |
| Score 16+ | 42 | 14 | 33.3% | 3.00 | (1.56–5.78) | |
| Drug use (past 12 months) | ||||||
| No | 1988 | 308 | 15.5% | 1 | 0.06 | |
| Yes | 22 | 7 | 31.8% | 2.55 | (1.03–6.29) | |
| HIV‐specific | ||||||
| Hiding pills | ||||||
| No | 1445 | 212 | 14.7% | 1 | 0.03 | |
| Yes | 566 | 105 | 18.6% | 1.32 | (1.02–1.71) | |
| HIV status disclosure | ||||||
| No | 61 | 12 | 19.7% | 1 | 0.42 | |
| Yes | 1959 | 308 | 15.7% | 0.76 | (0.40–1.45) | |
| Year of HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| Before 2007 | 421 | 64 | 15.2% | 1 | 0.43 | |
| 2007–2008 | 334 | 45 | 13.5% | 0.87 | (0.58–1.31) | |
| 2009–2010 | 438 | 70 | 16.0% | 1.06 | (0.73–1.53) | |
| 2011–2012 | 436 | 80 | 18.3% | 1.25 | (0.87–1.80) | |
| 2013–2014 | 275 | 47 | 17.1% | 1.15 | (0.76–1.74) | |
| First started ART | ||||||
| 1996–2005 | 130 | 20 | 15.4% | 0.87 | (0.52–1.45) | 0.46 |
| 2006–2009 | 593 | 84 | 14.2% | 0.79 | (0.59–1.06) | |
| 2010–2011 | 500 | 78 | 15.6% | 0.88 | (0.65–1.20) | |
| 2012–2013 | 797 | 138 | 17.3% | 1 | ||
†
LRT for the overall association of the variable with ART adherence.
‡
Low dependence 0–7, medium dependence 8–15, high dependence 16+.