FIG. 1.

Catabolic pathways regulating TG levels in cells. ATGL, HSL, and MGL act on TGs in a series of subsequent enzymatic reactions, resulting in glycerol and FAs. CGI‐58 binds to perilipin, facilitating lipolysis as a known activator of ATGL, whereas GS02 inhibits its action. Intermediates of this catabolic pathway may also be recycled for phospholipids and TG synthesis. In fact, significant amounts of hydrolysis products are normally re‐esterified by enzymes such as MGAT and DGAT. Abbreviations: ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; CGI‐58, comparative gene identification‐58; DGAT, FA, fatty acid; diacylglycerol acyltransferase; GS02, G₀/G₁ switch gene 2; HSL, hormone‐sensitive lipase; MGAT, monoacylglycerol acyltransferase; MGL, monoacylglycerol lipase; TG, triglyceride.