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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 9.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2020 Aug 28;111:110012. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110012

Figure 4. LIV stiffens intact MSCs and isolated nuclei.

Figure 4.

a) Low intensity vibration (0.7g, 90 Hz) was applied to MSCs at twenty-minute intervals with one-hour rest in between each vibration bout. 2x vibration included two, twenty-minute vibration periods, while 4x included four periods. b) In intact MSCs, 2x LIV increased AFM-measured elastic modulus on MSCs by 71% (N=31, p<.05). 4x LIV resulted in 419% increase in elastic modulus (N=33, p<.001) compared to control (N=32). c) Nuclear response to LIV was measured by applying the 2x LIV protocol to intact MSCs and then isolating nuclei to test stiffness. 2x LIV showed no significant increase in stiffness in comparison to control (N=20). Nuclei responded to 4x LIV by showing a 75% increase in modulus (N=24, p<0.05) when compared to control nuclei (N=27) post-LIV isolation. d) Western blotting for LaminA/C and Sun-2 show no changes in protein levels for 4x LIV groups compared to their respective controls (N=3/grp). * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001, against control or against each other.