Table 1.
Differences in Baseline and Follow Up Sociodemographics, Pain, Substance Use, and Depressive Symptoms among NFL Retirees Reporting Opioid Use in 2010 (n=89)
| Variable | No Opioid Use (n=72) M (SD) or N | 2010 Opioid Use (n=17) M (SD) or N | Total (N=89) M (SD) or N | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age | 57.24 (10.21) | 59.12 (8.98) | 57.68 (9.94) | 0.111 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 42 (58.3) | 15 (88.2) | 57 (64.0) | 0.021 |
| Non-White | 30 (41.7) | 2 (11.8) | 32 (36.0) | |
| Employment | ||||
| Unemployed | 4 (5.6) | 3 (17.6) | 7 (7.9) | 0.249 |
| Employed | 54 (75.0) | 11 (64.7) | 65 (73.0) | |
| Retired | 14 (19.4) | 3 (17.6) | 17 (19.1) | |
| Current Financial Difficulties | ||||
| No | 60 (83.3) | 16 (94.1) | 76 (85.4) | 0.257 |
| Yes | 12 (16.7) | 1 (5.9) | 13 (14.6) | |
| Current Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 55 (76.4) | 14 (82.4) | 69 (77.5) | 0.596 |
| Non-married | 17 (23.6) | 3 (17.6) | 20 (22.5) | |
| Injury, Pain, & Health Status | ||||
| 2010 Disability Status | 0.074 | |||
| No | 66 (91.7) | 13 (76.5) | 79 (88.8) | |
| Yes | 6 (8.3) | 4 (23.5) | 10 (11.2) | |
| 2010 Pain Intensity | 5.33 (1.97) | 6.24 (2.63) | 5.52 (2.14) | 0.117 |
| 2010 Health Status | ||||
| Poor | 8 (11.1) | 1 (5.9) | 9 (10.1) | 0.126 |
| Fair | 36 (50.0) | 4 (23.5) | 40 (44.9) | |
| Good | 20 (27.8) | 8 (47.1) | 28 (31.5) | |
| Excellent | 8 (11.1) | 4 (23.5) | 12 (13.5) | |
| Pain Duration (Years) | 20.59 (14.40) | 21.24 (1.69) | 20.65 (13.98) | 0.572 |
| Current Pain Intensity | 2.88 (2.37) | 2.94 (2.46) | 2.86 (2.38) | 0.429 |
| Concussions | 23.36 (35.93) | 47.05 (85.15) | 30.41 (49.11) | 0.011 |
| Substance Use | ||||
| Current Cannabis Use | ||||
| No | 62 (86.1) | 13 (76.5) | 75 (84.3) | 0.326 |
| Yes | 10 (13.9) | 4 (23.5) | 14 (15.7) | |
| Current Binge Alcohol Use | ||||
| No | 54 (75.0) | 11 (64.7) | 65 (73.0) | 0.390 |
| Yes | 18 (25.0) | 6 (35.3) | 24 (27.0) | |
| Current Opioid Use | ||||
| No | 59 (81.9) | 9 (52.9) | 68 (76.4) | 0.011 |
| Yes | 13 (18.1) | 8 (47.1) | 21 (23.6) | |
| Mental Health | ||||
| Depressive Symptoms | ||||
| None-Mild | 55 (76.4) | 7 (41.2) | 62 (69.7) | 0.005 |
| Moderate-Severe | 17 (23.6) | 10 (58.8) | 27 (30.3) | |
| HRQoL | ||||
| Mental | ||||
| Low | 11 (15.3) | 7 (41.2) | 18 (20.2) | 0.017 |
| Average or Above | 61 (84.7) | 10 (58.8) | 71 (79.8) | |
| Physical Low | 27 (37.5) | 7 (41.2) | 34 (38.2) | 0.779 |
| Average or Above | 45 (62.5) | 10 (58.8) | 55 (61.8) | |
| NFL Career Information | ||||
| Number of Games Played | 93.64 (58.06) | 77.35 (43.73) | 90.53 (55.42) | 0.216 |
| Years Since NFL Retirement | 28.17(8.65) | 31.06 (8.55) | 28.83 (8.68) | 0.620 |
| NFL Position | ||||
| QB | 6 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.7) | 0.111 |
| OL/DL | 23 (31.9) | 5 (29.4) | 28 (31.5) | |
| FB/TE | 6 (8.3) | 5 (29.4) | 11 (12.4) | |
| LB/RB | 18 (25.0) | 2 (11.8) | 20 (22.4) | |
| WR/DB | 19 (26.4) | 5 (29.4) | 24 (30.0) |
Note. Bold values indicate significance at p<0.05.