Table 1.

Survey design

Clinical vignette 1 A 40‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. One month before, she underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis. There were no other relevant medical conditions in the past medical history. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed thrombosis of the superior mesenteric vein, involving the confluence with the portal vein, and a minimal intraluminal perfusion defect in the splenic vein. Complete blood count, renal and liver function, and coagulation tests were normal. 1. Which anticoagulant treatment would you prescribe for the acute phase (initial 3 months)? 2. What is the rationale behind your choice regarding the anticoagulant treatment? 3. Which anticoagulant treatment duration would you recommend?

Clinical vignette 2 A 55‐year‐old man (body weight, 72 kg) with a history of liver cirrhosis related to chronic hepatitis C virus infection (Child‐Pugh class B) was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal discomfort and increasing abdominal girth, which have developed gradually in the past month. Abdominal Doppler ultrasonography evidenced a thrombosis of the portal vein without any sign of portal cavernoma, and this finding was also confirmed by a CT scan. Blood test results were hemoglobin, 11.2 g/dL; platelet count, 165 000/mm3; and creatinine, 1.6 mg/dL (corresponding to creatinine clearance 53 mL/min, according to the Cockcroft‐Gault equation), international normalized ratio 1.3. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed grade 2 esophageal varices without evidence of recent hemorrhage. 1. When would you start the anticoagulant treatment? 2. Which anticoagulant treatment would you prescribe for the acute phase (initial 3 months)? 3. What is the rationale behind your choice regarding the anticoagulant treatment? 4. Which anticoagulant treatment duration would you recommend?

Clinical vignette 3 A 25‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department for severe, ongoing headache, which she described as “the worst headache of my life.” She had a past medical history of chronic migraine headaches, obesity, and anxiety. She had recently started the oral contraceptive pill for polycystic ovary syndrome. Neurological examination was unremarkable. CT venography showed thrombosis of the right transverse sinus. Angiography was negative for vascular malformations (aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, or dural arteriovenous fistula). Complete blood count, renal and liver function, and coagulation tests were normal. She was advised to stop the oral contraceptive pill. 1. Which anticoagulant treatment would you prescribe for the acute phase (initial 3 months)? 2. What is the rationale behind your choice regarding the anticoagulant treatment? 3. Which anticoagulant treatment duration would you recommend?

Clinical vignette 4 A 45‐year‐old man (body weight, 49 kg) was admitted to the hospital because of progressive headache, vomiting, and blurred vision. Previous medical history was unremarkable, and he was taking no medications. Physical examination showed mild dysarthria, weakness of the right side of the body, and bilateral papilledema on fundus examination. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed thrombosis of the left sigmoid sinus and the transverse sinus, with acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. The vital signs were stable. Blood test results were hemoglobin, 12.0 g/dL; platelet count, 130 000/mm3; and creatinine, 1.4 mg/dL (corresponding to creatinine clearance 46 mL/min, according to the Cockcroft‐Gault equation). 1. When would you start the anticoagulant treatment? 2. Which anticoagulant treatment would you prescribe for the acute phase (initial 3 months)? 3. What is the rationale behind your choice regarding the anticoagulant treatment? 4. Which anticoagulant treatment duration would you recommend?