Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics (All Women, N = 2,000)1).
| High Health Literacy (Score ≧ 56) | Low Health Literacy (Score ≦ 55) | Statistical test (degrees of freedom), test statistic | p-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | Mean | SD2) | n | (%) | Mean | SD2) | ||||
| Age | 1,015 | 35.9 | (8.9) | 985 | 35.8 | (14.0) | F (1, 1998) = 0.137 | 0.712 | |||
| Age groups | χ2 (2) = 0.538 | 0.764 | |||||||||
| under 29 | 298 | (29.4) | 303 | (30.8) | |||||||
| 30-39 | 331 | (32.6) | 310 | (31.5) | |||||||
| 40-49 | 386 | (38.0) | 372 | (37.8) | |||||||
| Number of children | |||||||||||
| None | 792 | (72.1) | 802 | (81.4) | |||||||
| One | 154 | (15.2) | 90 | (9.1) | χ2 (3) = 25.791 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Two | 92 | (9.1) | 70 | (7.1) | |||||||
| Three or more | 37 | (3.6) | 23 | (2.3) | |||||||
| Education | |||||||||||
| Junior college or under | 454 | (44.7) | 544 | (55.2) | χ2 (1) = 22.042 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Four-year college or over | 561 | (55.3) | 441 | (44.8) | |||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||||
| Full-time regular staff | 782 | (77.0) | 745 | (75.6) | χ2 (1) = 0.550 | 0.458 | |||||
| Full-time temporary staff | 233 | (23.0) | 240 | (24.4) | |||||||
| Presence of underlying gynecological diseases | |||||||||||
| Yes | 312 | (30.7) | 169 | (17.2) | χ2 (1) = 22.042 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 703 | (69.3) | 816 | (82.8) | |||||||
| Work performance | |||||||||||
| Absenteeism (HPQ score) | 1,015 | 21.5 | (54.2) | 985 | 20.5 | (55.3) | F (1,1998) = 0.164 | 0.685 | |||
| Presenteeism (HPQ score) | 1,015 | 65.5 | (18.5) | 985 | 57.1 | (17.5) | F (1,1998) = 86.240 | < 0.001 | |||
| Presenteeism while experiencing PMS | 1,015 | 59.7 | (21.2) | 985 | 58.1 | (21.7) | F (1,1998) = 2.864 | 0.091 | |||
| Health behaviors for menstrual abnormalities | |||||||||||
| Yes | 354 | (34.9) | 187 | (19.0) | χ2 (1) = 70.407 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 178 | (17.5) | 264 | (26.8) | |||||||
| No reported symptoms | 483 | (47.6) | 534 | (54.2) | |||||||
| Health behaviors for PMS | |||||||||||
| Yes | 302 | (29.8) | 168 | (17.1) | χ2 (1) = 49.368 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 408 | (40.2) | 423 | (42.9) | |||||||
| No reported symptoms | 305 | (30.0) | 394 | (40.0) | |||||||
1) p-values were calculated as noted using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Chi-square tests
2) SD: Standard Deviation
3) HPQ: Health and Work Performance Questionnaire
4) PMS: premenstrual syndrome