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. 2020 Jul 13;3(3):232–239. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2019-0068

Table 2.

Association between Health Literacy Levels (High or Low) and Work Performance (All Women, N=2,000)1).

Absenteeism (HPQ score) Presenteeism (HPQ score) Presenteeism while experiencing PMS3)
Health Literacy (HL) n Adjusted mean SE2) 95%CI2) n Adjusted mean SE2) 95%CI2) n Adjusted mean SE2) 95%CI2)
Model 14)
 High HL (Score ≧56) 1,015 21.3 (1.7) (18.33-25.01)   1,015 64.6 (0.6) (63.52-65.73)   1,015 60.6 (0.7) (58.69-61.37)
 Low HL (Score ≦55) 985 20.3 (1.7) (16.90-23.74) 985 57.0 (0.6) (55.85-58.10)   985 57.8 (0.7) (56.43-59.16)
p = 0.576 p < 0.001 p = 0.023
Model 25)
 High HL (Score ≧56) 710 18.9 (2.0) (15.01-22.77) 710 63.9 (0.7) (62.54-65.24)   710 57.6 (0.8) (56.02-59.20)
 Low HL (Score ≦55) 591 21.0 (2.1) (16.82-25.25) 591 55.6 (0.8) (54.01-57.04) 591 54.6 (0.9) (52.83-56.32)
p = 0.474 p < 0.001 p = 0.013

1) All analyses were conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

2) SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval.

3) PMS: Respondents were asked to choose either 1) “I currently have symptoms,” 2) “I had symptoms in the past,” or 3) "Never." Women who chose 1) or 2) were included in this analysis (n = 1,301).

4) Adjusted for age, education level, employment status, number of children, and the presence of underlying gynecological diseases.

5) Adjusted for Health behaviors for PMS in addition to variables adjusted in Model 1.