Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of cases with later GCA diagnosis and controls, overall and stratified by sex
| Characteristics | Total | Women | Men | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | |
| Cases, N | 76 | 304 | 46 | 184 | 30 | 120 |
| Age at screening, years, mean (S.d.) | 50.2 (5.5) | 50.0 (5.5) | 52.2 (4.9) | 52.1 (4.9) | 47.0 (4.7) | 46.7 (4.7) |
| Current smoking at screening, n/N (%) | 17/70 (24) | 120/283 (42) | 10/41 (24 | 63/168 (38) | 7/29 (24) | 57/115 (50) |
| Ever smoking, n/N (%) | 40/74 (54) | 191/295 (65) | 24/46 (52) | 103/183 (56) | 16/28 (57) | 88/112 (79) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (S.d.) | 23.6 (3.2) | 24.7 (4.0) | 23.1 (2.5) | 24.6 (4.4) | 24.5 (3.9) | 25.0 (3.3) |
| fB-glucose, mmol/l, mean (S.d.) | 4.7 (0.6) | 5.1 (1.6) | 4.7 (0.6) | 5.1 (1.9) | 4.5 (0.5) | 5.1 (1.0) |
| Cholesterol, mmol/l, mean (S.d.)a | 5.6 (0.9) | 6.0 (1.1) | 5.7 (0.9) | 6.1 (1.1) | 5.5 (0.8) | 5.9 (1.0) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/l, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–2.0) |
| ESR, mm/h, mean (S.d.) | 8.9 (7.1) | 8.6 (6.7) | 10.2 (7.7) | 10.3 (7.2) | 6.9 (5.5) | 6.2 (4.8) |
| Hypertension, n/N (%) | 42/75 (56) | 160/300 (53) | 22/45 (49) | 89/180 (49) | 20/30 (67) | 71/120 (59%) |
| Triceps skinfold index, mean (S.d.)a | 211.1 (23.0) | 210.8 (25.0) | 222.6 (14.8) | 223.9 (18.1) | 193.7 (22.4) | 191.2 (20.5) |
| Self-reported cancer, n/N (%) | 0/74 (0) | 6/294 (2) | 0/46 (0) | 5 /182 (2.7) | 0/74 (0) | 1/112 (0.9) |
| Self-reported diabetes, n/N (%) | 0/75 (0) | 7/293 (2.3) | 0/75 (0) | 3/183 (1.6) | 0/30 (0) | 3/120 (3.3) |
| Self-reported cardiovascular disease, n/N (%) | 2/74 (2.7) | 14/295 (4.7) | 2/76 (4.3) | 11/183 (6) | 0/74 (0) | 3/112 (2.7) |
a
Information missing: cholesterol (cases, 1; controls, 0), triceps skinfold index (cases, 3; controls, 7).
Hypertension was defined as a systolic pressure ≥140 or a diastolic pressure ≥90 at the time of screening or a response of ‘yes’ to the question ‘Do you use medication for high blood pressure?’.
IQR: interquartile range.