Table 3.
Univariate analyses of participants’ SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores.
| SAS scorea | p value | SDS scorea | p value | PSQI scorea | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.013b | <0.001b | 0.55d | |||
| Male | 42.9 (7.9) | 49.1 (10.4) | 9.5 (4.8) | |||
| Female | 45.8 (8.7) | 54.6 (10.8) | 9.1 (4.5) | |||
| Age, years | 0.35c | 0.025c | 0.0019e | |||
| ≤41 | 42.9 (8.1) | 50 (12.1) | 7.6 (4.2) | |||
| 42–51 | 44.4 (9.2) | 50.1 (10.6) | 9.7 (4.7) | |||
| ≥52 | 45.1 (7.8) | 54.3 (9.8) | 10.4 (4.6) | |||
| Marital status | 0.56b | 0.16b | 0.76d | |||
| Married | 44.3 (8.3) | 52 (10.7) | 9.3 (4.6) | |||
| Single or divorced | 43.6 (9.8) | 48 (12.6) | 9.7 (5.5) | |||
| Education level | 0.18b | <0.001b | 0.38d | |||
| Primary or secondary | 44.8 (7.4) | 54.8 (9.8) | 9.6 (4.8) | |||
| Tertiary or higher | 43.7 (9.2) | 48.9 (11.2) | 9.1 (4.5) | |||
| History of chronic disease | 1b | 0.95b | 0.05d | |||
| No | 44 (8.3) | 51.6 (11.3) | 8.8 (4.6) | |||
| Yes | 44.5 (8.5) | 51.8 (10.5) | 10.1 (4.6) | |||
| Hospitalization duration, days | 0.39c | 0.19c | 0.27e | |||
| ≤9 | 45 (9.1) | 53.5 (10.5) | 9.8 (5.3) | |||
| 10–13 | 42.6 (7.5) | 49.4 (10.3) | 8.4 (4.5) | |||
| ≥14 | 44.6 (8.4) | 51.9 (11.3) | 9.6 (4.3) | |||
| Clinical type | 0.61b | 0.8b | 0.16d | |||
| Mild or ordinary | 43.8 (8.2) | 51.8 (11) | 9 (4.5) | |||
| Severe or critically ill | 44.9 (8.7) | 51.5 (10.8) | 9.9 (4.9) | |||
| Family member diagnosed with COVID-19 | 0.61b | 0.42b | 0.6d | |||
| No | 44.2 (7.3) | 52.2 (10.7) | 9.2 (4.6) | |||
| Yes | 44.2 (9.6) | 51.1 (11.2) | 9.5 (4.7) | |||
| Frequency of contacting with family | 0.1b | 0.0035b | 0.53d | |||
| 0–2/wk | 46.4 (6.8) | 57.9 (6.8) | 9.9 (5.2) | |||
| ≥3/wk | 43.9 (8.5) | 50.9 (11.1) | 9.3 (4.6) | |||
| Subjective knowledge level of COVID-19 | 0.094c | 0.0096c | 0.066e | |||
| None | 48.5 (10) | 57.4 (9.3) | 11.4 (5.8) | |||
| Common knowledge | 43.7 (7.8) | 51.5 (10.9) | 9 (4.3) | |||
| Deep knowledge | 43.7 (9) | 49.1 (10.8) | 9.3 (4.8) | |||
| Subjective evaluation of disease symptoms | 0.028c | 0.19c | 0.0064e | |||
| Mild | 41.8 (7.9) | 49.7 (12.4) | 8 (4.7) | |||
| Moderate | 45.1 (8.2) | 52.1 (9.4) | 9.7 (4.3) | |||
| Severe | 47.9 (9.6) | 53.6 (10.4) | 11 (4.6) | |||
| Not clear | 44.6 (6.6) | 55.9 (11.1) | 11 (4.8) | |||
| Evaluation of medical staffs' attitude | 0.012b | <0.001b | 0.46d | |||
| Good | 43.8 (8.1) | 51.1 (10.8) | 9.3 (4.7) | |||
| Normal or awful | 51.6 (10.3) | 62.8 (5.3) | 10.4 (4.4) |
aData are mean (standard deviation).
bp values comparing different groups are generated from Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
cp values comparing different groups are generated from Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test.
dp values comparing different groups are generated from two-sample t-test.
ep values comparing different groups are generated from, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).