Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study cohort stratified as per mechanical ventilation (MV) and no MV.
| Parameters | All (n = 223) | MV (n = 167) | No MV (n = 56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 69 (58–77.5) | 70 (60–77.5) | 63 (50–75) | 0.056 |
| Sex | 0.435 | |||
| - Men (%) | 163 (73) | 123 (74) | 40 (71) | |
| - Women (%) | 60 (27) | 44 (26) | 16 (29) | |
| Height (cm) | 175 (170–180) | 175 (170–180) | 175 (170–180) | 0.970 |
| Weight (kg) | 80 (72–93) | 82 (72–95) | 75 (72–84) | 0.042 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 (24.1–30.7) | 26.7 (24.3–31.1) | 24.5 (23.1–27.9) | 0.022 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| SOFA, admission (points) | 5 (3–9) | 7 (4–10) | 3 (0.8–4) | <0.001 |
| SOFA, 24 h (points) | 9 (4–12) | 10 (7.5–12) | 2 (0–4) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (points) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1.5 (0–3) | 0.591 |
| ≥one chronic medical condition | 151 (68) | 115 (69) | 36 (64) | 0.243 |
| Arterial hypertension | 108 (49) | 86 (51) | 22 (39) | 0.076 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 52 (23) | 44 (26) | 8 (14) | 0.045 |
| Diabetes | 59 (27) | 50 (30) | 9 (16) | 0.036 |
| Immunosuppression | 38 (17) | 25 (15) | 13 (23) | 0.114 |
| Coronary heart disease | 18 (8) | 15 (9) | 3 (5) | 0.329 |
| Congestive heart disease | 15 (7) | 11 (7) | 4 (7) | 0.508 |
| Connective tissue disease | 6 (3) | 6 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.187 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 26 (12) | 20 (12) | 6 (11) | 0.559 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 40 (18) | 24 (14) | 16 (29) | 0.013 |
| Chronic liver disease | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.329 |
| Malignant condition | ||||
| - Lymphoma | 12 (5) | 8 (5) | 4 (7) | 0.320 |
| - Leukaemia | 17 (7) | 10 (6) | 7 (13) | 0.082 |
| - Solid organ tumour | 15 (7) | 11 (7) | 4 (7) | 0.564 |
| COVID-19 symptoms | ||||
| Nonproductive cough | 34 (15) | 25 (15) | 9 (16) | 0.423 |
| Productive cough | 55 (25) | 44 (26) | 11 (20) | 0.405 |
| Shortness of breath | 124 (56) | 104 (62) | 20 (36) | 0.281 |
| Fever | 124 (56) | 94 (56) | 30 (54) | 0.529 |
| Fatigue | 49 (22) | 34 (20) | 15 (27) | 0.527 |
| Myalgia | 11 (5) | 9 (5) | 2 (4) | 0.654 |
| Characteristics at ICU admission | ||||
| Heart rate (per minute) | 90 (77–104) | 91 (75–104) | 90 (81–98) | 0.927 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 84 (72–98) | 81 (70–97) | 90 (78–99) | 0.059 |
| Vasopressor therapy | 75 (34) | 72 (43) | 3 (5) | <0.001 |
| Noninvasive and invasive ventilation | ||||
| - Respiration rate (per minute) | 23 (20–29) | 22 (20–28) | 25 (20–34) | 0.080 |
| - Invasive mechanical ventilation | 80 (36) | 80 (48) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| - Noninvasive ventilation | 18 (8) | 16 (10) | 2 (4) | 0.041 |
| - High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) | 22 (10) | 18 (11) | 4 (7) | 0.591 |
| Oxygen support | ||||
| - Low oxygen | 38 (17) | 20 (12) | 18 (32) | 0.207 |
| - High oxygen | 32 (14) | 22 (13) | 10 (18) | 0.569 |
| Outcome | ||||
| ICU mortality | 78 (35) | 74 (44) | 4 (7) | – |
| Duration of ICU stay (days) | 13 (5–24) | 18 (9–27.5) | 3 (2–6) | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range).
Bold intends a significant p-value in the far right column.
cm, centimetre; kg, kilogram; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ICU, intensive care unit; BMI, body mass index.