Table 2.
Differences between therapies and complications in ICU patients with COVID-19 in the mechanical ventilation (MV) group and non-MV group during the ICU stay.
| Parameters | All (n = 223) | MV (n = 167) | No MV (n = 56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedures/therapies | ||||
| Vasopressors (first 24 h) | 123 (55) | 119 (71) | 4 (5) | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 73 (33) | 70 (42) | 3 (5) | <0.001 |
| Therapeutic anticoagulation | 121 (54) | 102 (61) | 19 (34) | 0.185 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 197 (8) | 161 (96) | 36 (64) | <0.001 |
| Antifungal therapy | 25 (11) | 20 (12) | 5 (9) | 0.363 |
| Antiviral therapy | 42 (19) | 32 (19) | 10 (18) | 0.504 |
| Experimental therapy | ||||
| - Hydroxychloroquine | 11 (5) | 11 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.038 |
| - Specific antiviral therapy | 10 (4) | 8 (5) | 2 (4) | 0.520 |
| - Glucocorticoid therapy | 51 (23) | 46 (28) | 5 (9) | 0.012 |
| Complications during ICU stay | ||||
| Heart failure | 17 (8) | 15 (9) | 2 (4) | 0.151 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 14 (6) | 13 (8) | 1 (2) | 0.092 |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 18 (8) | 12 (7) | 6 (11) | 0.280 |
| Cardiac arrest | 25 (11) | 23 (14) | 2 (4) | 0.048 |
| Myocardial infarction | 7 (3) | 3 (2) | 4 (7) | 0.068 |
| DIC | 5 (2) | 5 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.232 |
| Septic shock | 90 (40) | 85 (51) | 5 (9) | <0.001 |
| Ventilation/ventilatory support | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 167 (75) | 167 (100) | – | – |
| ECMO | 20 (9) | 20 (12) | – | – |
| Other ventilation support | ||||
| - High-flow nasal cannula | 31 (14) | 23 (14) | 8 (14) | 0.540 |
| - Noninvasive ventilation | 26 (12) | 23 (14) | 3 (5) | 0.066 |
| Duration of ventilation (days) | 15 (8–25) | 15 (8–25) | – | – |
Data are expressed as n (%) or median (interquartile range); p-value: MV vs. non-MV.
Bold intends a significant p-value in the far right column.
BMI, body mass index; kg, kilogram; m, metre; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit.