Table 1.
Characteristics of patients included for study in DFTC distance analyses
| % (unless otherwise specified) | DFTC distance cohort | DFTC distance category (miles) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <10 | 10 to <50 | ≥50 | ||
| No | 178 885 | 57 795 | 64 899 | 56 191 |
| Age at dialysis initiation (y), mean (SD)a | 51.6 (12.9) | 51.3 (13.0) | 52.0 (12.8) | 51.5 (13.0) |
| Sex, malea | 62.3 | 61.3 | 62.8 | 62.8 |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||||
| Asian | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 4.7 |
| Black | 30.2 | 38.9 | 26.8 | 25.2 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 44.6 | 34.7 | 46.7 | 52.3 |
| Hispanic White | 17.0 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 15.4 |
| Other | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.3 |
| Dialysis typea | ||||
| Hemodialysis | 83.2 | 82.3 | 84.6 | 82.5 |
| Peritoneal dialysis | 16.8 | 17.6 | 15.4 | 17.5 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Inability to ambulate or transfer | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| Diabetesa | 48.7 | 47.9 | 49.0 | 49.2 |
| CHFa | 14.2 | 14.2 | 13.6 | 14.9 |
| CADa | 9.8 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 10.6 |
| CVAa | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
| PADa | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 6.5 |
| Drug dependencea | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Alcohol dependencea | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 |
| Smokera | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 5.3 |
| Dialysis facility to transplant centera | ||||
| Distance (miles), median (IQR) | 20.5 (7.2-68.3) | 4.2 (1.6-7.0) | 20.9 (14.2-32.2) | 107.5 (73.2-185.9) |
| Patient residence to transplant centera | ||||
| Distance (miles), median (IQR) | 24.6 (9.7-72.1) | 7.1 (4.0-11.9) | 22.6 (14.5-34.7) | 105.1 (71.1-179.8) |
| Rural/ urban categorya | ||||
| Metropolitan | 85.9 | 96.4 | 91.7 | 68.4 |
| Micropolitan | 7.9 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 17.3 |
| Rural/small town | 6.1 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 14.3 |
| Regiona | ||||
| West | 24.4 | 18.6 | 27.4 | 26.9 |
| Midwest | 19.5 | 20.3 | 18.5 | 19.8 |
| South | 36.8 | 32.6 | 33.3 | 45.0 |
| Northeast | 19.4 | 28.4 | 20.9 | 8.3 |
| Insurance typea | ||||
| None | 10.1 | 11.2 | 8.7 | 10.7 |
| Medicare | 28.7 | 26.7 | 28.8 | 30.8 |
| Medicaid | 13.6 | 16.2 | 12.3 | 12.4 |
| Private | 46.6 | 45.2 | 49.9 | 44.2 |
| VA | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.9 |
| Incomea | ||||
| Median income ($1000), median (IQR) | 49.7 (38.9–65.2) | 48.4 (36.8–64.2) | 56.5 (44.5–73.1) | 44.6 (36.7–55.1) |
| Dialysis facility factors | ||||
| For-profita | 80.2 | 73.4 | 84.6 | 81.8 |
| Facility size (number of patients), median (IQR)a | 92 (60–134) | 104 (68–152) | 90.0 (60–128) | 83 (53–121) |
aP < 0.05 for difference across DFTC categories using Pearson’s chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, or ANOVA tests.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA, cerebrovascular disease; DFTC, dialysis facility to transplant center; IQR, interquartile range; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SD, standard deviation; VA, Veterans Affairs.