Table 2.
Baseline Laboratory Findings of Patients with COVID-19
| Characteristics | Normal Range | Severity | Mortality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-ICU/Severe (n=46) | ICU/Severe (n=52) |
P | Survivor (n=62) |
Non-Survivor (n=36) |
P | ||
| Hematologic and biochemical | |||||||
| White blood cell count, ×109/L | 3.5–9.5 | 5.4 (4.7–7.0) | 10.5 (6.3–13.4) | 0.000 | 5.8 (4.7–7.4) | 11.7 (7.3–13.9) | 0.000 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 1.8–6.3 | 3.8 (2.8–5.0) | 9.7 (5.3–12.3) | 0.000 | 3.9 (2.8–5.4) | 10.5 (6.2–12.6) | 0.000 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 1.2 (0.7–1.5) | 0.6 (0.5– 0.8) | 0.000 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.6 (0.4–0.7) | 0.000 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | ≤41 | 23 (14–40) | 32 (18–50) | 0.052 | 26 (15–41) | 30 (17–63) | 0.225 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | ≤40 | 24 (19–36) | 39 (25–64) | 0.000 | 26 (20–41) | 44 (25–75) | 0.002 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 59–104 | 70 (60–94) | 79 (59–130) | 0.623 | 69 (56–89) | 89 (66–158) | 0.014 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 135–225 | 269 (222–362) | 481 (329–758) | 0.000 | 285 (227–379) | 501 (373–770) | 0.000 |
| Inflammatory indicators | |||||||
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | <1 | 12 (3– 66) | 85 (36–177) | 0.000 | 27 (4–85) | 101 (29–192) | 0.000 |
| Serum ferritin, μg/L | 30–400 | 542 (239–1093) | 1150 (723–2722) | 0.005 | 683 (289–1139) | 1362 (768–2722) | 0.000 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.02–0.05 | 0.12 (0.05–0.70) | 0.24 (0.11–1.11) | 0.030 | 0.13 (0.06–0.51) | 0.29 (0.12–2.17) | 0.005 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/mL | <7 | 14 (4–41) | 57 (22–137) | 0.000 | 19 (4–47) | 80 (39–181) | 0.000 |
| Cardiometabolic indicators | |||||||
| Hypersensitive cardiac troponin I, pg/mL | ≤34 | 6 (3–12) | 27 (9–482) | 0.000 | 6 (3–18) | 111 (20–1162) | 0.000 |
| N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | <285 | 179 (68–798) | 762 (190–2513) | 0.002 | 184 (75–671) | 1573 (542–7487) | 0.000 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 4.1–6.0 | 5.5 (4.9–6.4) | 7.9 (6.1–11.3) | 0.000 | 5.7 (5.0–7.6) | 7.9 (6.3–12.4) | 0.000 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 4.0–6.0 | 6.1 (5.7–6.5) | 6.4 (6.0–7.1) | 0.040 | 6.0 (5.7–6.5) | 6.5 (6.1–7.4) | 0.009 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | <5.2 | 3.8 (3.4–4.3) | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) | 0.002 | 3.8 (3.3–4.3) | 3.0 (2.6–3.9) | 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | <1.7 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 0.326 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.038 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.0–1.6 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.0) | 0.001 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.002 |
| TG/HDL-C | – | 1.4 (1.0–2.2) | 2.0 (1.3–3.8) | 0.007 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 2.3 (1.5–4.5) | 0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables. P-values comparing non-ICU/severe and ICU/severe patients or non-survivors and survivors are from Mann–Whitney U-test.
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus Disease 2019; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.