Table 3.
Complications and Treatments of Patients with COVID-19
| Severity | Mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=98) |
Non-ICU/Severe (n=46) |
ICU/Severe (n=52) |
P | Survivor (n=62) |
Non-Survivor (n=36) |
P | |
| Complications | |||||||
| Acute cardiac injury | 32 (33%) | 3 (7%) | 29 (56%) | 0.000 | 4 (7%) | 28 (78%) | 0.000 |
| Heart failure | 46 (47%) | 10 (22%) | 36 (69%) | 0.000 | 11 (18%) | 35 (97%) | 0.000 |
| Acute cardiac injury and Heart failure | 29 (30%) | 2 (4%) | 27 (52%) | 0.000 | 2 (3%) | 27 (75%) | 0.000 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 45 (46%) | 3 (7%) | 42 (81%) | 0.000 | 11 (18%) | 34 (94%) | 0.000 |
| Acute kidney injury | 29 (30%) | 5 (11%) | 24 (46%) | 0.000 | 5 (8%) | 24 (67%) | 0.000 |
| Acute liver injury | 41 (42%) | 11 (24%) | 30 (58%) | 0.001 | 19 (31%) | 22 (61%) | 0.003 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 20 (20%) | 1 (2%) | 19 (37%) | 0.000 | 3 (5%) | 17 (47%) | 0.000 |
| Secondary infection | 58 (59%) | 16 (35%) | 42 (81%) | 0.000 | 24 (39%) | 34 (94%) | 0.000 |
| Treatments | |||||||
| Antibiotics | 68 (69%) | 16 (35%) | 52 (100%) | 0.000 | 32 (52%) | 36 (100%) | 0.000 |
| Antiviral treatment | 75 (77%) | 45 (98%) | 30 (58%) | 0.000 | 58 (94%) | 17 (47%) | 0.000 |
| Corticosteroids | 43 (44%) | 3 (7%) | 40 (77%) | 0.000 | 15 (24%) | 28 (78%) | 0.000 |
| Intravenous immunoglobin | 30 (31%) | 3 (7%) | 27 (52%) | 0.000 | 15 (24%) | 15 (42%) | 0.070 |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 35 (36%) | 1 (2%) | 34 (65%) | 0.000 | 8 (13%) | 27 (75%) | 0.000 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 32 (33%) | 0 (0%) | 32 (62%) | 0.000 | 5 (8%) | 27 (75%) | 0.000 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 8 (8%) | 3 (7%) | 5 (10%) | 0.719 | 5 (8%) | 3 (8%) | 1.000 |
Notes: Data are presented as n (%) for categorical variables. P-values comparing non-ICU/severe and ICU/severe or non-survivors and survivors are from χ2 test or Fisher's exact test.
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus Disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit.