Table 1.
Population characteristics of SALSA participants at baseline by dementia/ CIND status established during follow-up.
| SALSA analysis population | No Dementia/CIND | CIND | Dementia | Dementia/CIND | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, Mean ± SD/n (%) | N=1564 | N=1410 | N=67 | N=100 | N=154 |
| Age (y) | 70.2 ± 6.8 | 69.7 ± 6.8 | 73.8 ± 7.8* | 76.7 ± 7.6* | 75.4 ± 7.7* |
| Male | 656 (41.9) | 598 (42.4) | 25 (37.3) | 36 (36.0) | 58 (37.7) |
| Primarily Language: Spanish | 886 (56.7) | 791 (56.1) | 43 (64.2) | 61 (61.0) | 95 (61.7) |
| Education (y) | 7.3 ± 5.3 | 7.5 ± 5.3 | 6.0 ± 5.9* | 5.5 ± 4.4* | 5.7 ± 5.1* |
| Cigarette Smoking, Current/Former | 745 (47.6) | 666 (47.2) | 36 (53.7) | 51 (51.0) | 79 (51.3) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Non-manual | 341 (21.8) | 328 (23.3) | 13 (8.4)* | 8 (8.0)* | 13 (8.4)* |
| Manual | 944 (60.4) | 841 (60.0) | 103 (66.9)* | 68 (68.0)* | 103 (66.9)* |
| Other (housewives and unemployed) | 279 (17.8) | 241 (17.1) | 38 (24.7)* | 24 (24.0)* | 38 (24.7)* |
| Urban Residence | 1359 (86.9) | 1228 (87.1) | 58 (86.6) | 86 (86.0) | 131 (85.0) |
| CALINE4 TRAP (NOx) ppb (mean) | 2.59 ± 2.2 | 2.58 ± 2.2 | 2.81 ± 2.5 | 2.65 ± 2.2 | 2.68 ± 2.2 |
| ≤ 2.68 (T3) ppb | 1034 (66.1) | 936 (66.4) | 44 (66.1) | 63 (63.0) | 98 (63.6) |
| >2.68 ppb | 530 (33.9) | 474 (33.6) | 23 (34.3) | 37 (37.0) | 56 (36.4) |
| NSES (1 low to 5 high) | 2.09 ± 1.0 | 2.10 ± 1.0 | 1.96 ± 1.0 | 2.10 ± 1.9 | 2.00 ± 1.0 |
| CA Residential County | |||||
| Sacramento | 1221 (78.1) | 1108 (78.6) | 50 (74.6) | 76 (76.0) | 113 (73.4) |
| Yolo | 199 (12.7) | 172 (12.2) | 10 (14.9) | 17 (17.0) | 27 (17.5) |
| Other† | 144 (9.2) | 130 (9.2) | 7 (10.4) | 7 (7.0) | 14 (9.1) |
| Baseline type 2 diabetes | 500 (32.0) | 432 (30.6) | 30 (44.8)* | 45 (45.0)* | 68 (44.2)* |
| Baseline 3MSE | 85.9 ± 11.5 | 86.7 ± 78.6* | 82.1 ± 11.1* | 76.5 ± 17.8* | 78.6 ± 16.0* |
*
P-value<0.05 based on t-test or chi-square, compared to no dementia/CIND group
†
Solano, Calaveras, Placer, Stanislaus, Sutter, Yuba
CALINE4= California Line Source dispersion model 4; CVD=cardiovascular disease; CIND=cognitive impairment, non-dementia; ppb=parts per billion; T3=tertile 3; T2DM=type 2 diabetes mellitus; TRAP=traffic-related air pollution;