Table 3.
Stunted onlya | Wasted onlyb | Overweight onlyc |
Stunted and overweightd |
Stunted and wastede |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | ||
Child age (months) | |||||||||||
0–5 | 0.97 | 0.72, 1.32 | 2.91*** | 2.16, 3.92 | 0.11*** | 0.06, 0.21 | 5.27*** | 2.70, 10.30 | 1.69 | 0.68, 4.17 | |
6–11 | 0.89 | 0.65, 1.21 | 0.86 | 0.58, 1.29 | 0.16*** | 0.09, 0.26 | 1.67 | 0.70, 4.00 | 0.60 | 0.01, 1.58 | |
12–23 | 1.47** | 1.18, 1.83 | 0.95 | 0.71, 1.28 | 0.55*** | 0.44, 0.69 | 1.62 | 0.81, 3.24 | 1.27 | 0.60, 2.69 | |
24–35 | 1.56*** | 1.26, 1.94 | 1.06 | 0.79, 1.41 | 1.14 | 0.94, 1.38 | 2.40** | 1.26, 4.56 | 1.21 | 0.56, 2.58 | |
36–47 | 0.97 |
0.76, 1.23 |
0.81 | 0.60, 1.10 | 0.80* | 0.65, 0.97 | 3.08*** | 1.67, 5.70 | 0.90 | 0.41, 1.99 | |
48–59 (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Child sex | |||||||||||
Female | 0.87 | 0.76, 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.87, 1.25 | 0.86* | 0.74, 0.99 | 0.50*** | 0.34, 0.71 | 0.38** | 0.22, 0.66 | |
Male (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Low birth weight (<2,500 g) | 3.42*** | 2.86, 4.10 | 0.88 | 0.62, 1.24 | 0.81 | 0.60, 1.09 | 1.83* | 1.13, 2.97 | 3.27*** | 1.78, 6.02 | |
Maternal age (years) | 1.02*** | 1.01, 1.03 | 1.03*** | 1.02, 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 | 1.03*** | 1.02, 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.03 | |
Maternal education (<9 years) | 1.30 ** | 1.10, 1.54 | 1.30* | 1.06, 1.61 | 0.79* | 0.65, 0.96 | 1.23 | 0.81, 1.85 | 1.57 | 0.96, 2.56 | |
Region | |||||||||||
Central | 1.38 | 0.99, 1.94 | 1.22 | 0.75, 1.99 | 0.73* | 0.55, 0.99 | 3.23* | 1.33, 7.84 | 0.43 | 0.15, 1.24 | |
North | 0.90 | 0.62, 1.31 | 1.02 | 0.60, 1.72 | 0.85 | 0.61, 1.18 | 1.88 | 0.72, 4.94 | 0.59 | 0.20, 1.79 | |
Northeast | 0.91 | 0.63, 1.31 | 0.92 | 0.55, 1.55 | 0.90 | 0.66, 1.23 | 2.09 | 0.80, 5.48 | 0.34 | 0.11, 1.05 | |
South | 1.63** | 1.14, 2.34 | 1.71* | 1.03, 2.85 | 0.78 | 0.56, 1.08 | 2.24 | 0.86, 5.85 | 0.53 | 0.17, 1.67 | |
Bangkok (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Household area | |||||||||||
Urban | 0.89 | 0.76, 1.05 | 0.76* | 0.61, 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.83, 1.15 | 1.06 | 0.73, 1.54 | 0.89 | 0.49, 1.61 | |
Rural (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Household wealth quintile | |||||||||||
Poorest | 1.44** | 1.10, 1.88 | 1.96*** | 1.35, 2.85 | 0.97 | 0.73, 1.31 | 0.82 | 0.43, 1.57 | 2.30 | 0.90, 5.92 | |
Second | 1.13 | 0.88, 1.45 | 1.47* | 1.04, 2.10 | 1.10 | 0.84, 1.45 | 0.84 | 0.48, 1.49 | 1.09 | 0.42, 2.81 | |
Third | 0.88 | 0.68, 1.13 | 1.76** | 1.25, 2.47 | 1.29 | 0.99, 1.68 | 0.89 | 0.52, 1.54 | 1.09 | 0.43, 2.76 | |
Fourth | 0.80 | 0.63, 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.69, 1.40 | 1.60*** | 1.25, 2.04 | 0.43** | 0.23, 0.81 | 0.61 | 0.22, 1.67 | |
Wealthiest (Reference) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
Household size (# of members) | 1.18*** | 1.14, 1.22 | 1.02 | 0.98, 1.08 | 0.96* | 0.92, 0.99 | 0.85** | 0.76, 0.94 | 1.16* | 1.04, 1.31 | |
Unimproved sanitation g | 1.64** | 1.17, 2.30 | 0.41* | 0.20, 0.82 | 1.20 | 0.80, 1.78 | 4.41*** | 2.54, 7.65 | 0.53 | 0.11, 2.63 |
Note. Continuous variables: maternal age and household size; categorical variables: child age group, child sex, low birth weight, maternal education, region, household area, household wealth quintile, and unimproved sanitation.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RRR, relative risk ratio.
Length/height‐for‐age < −2 SD below WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Weight‐for‐length/height < −2 SD below WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Weight‐for‐length/height > +2 SD above WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Length/height‐for‐age < −2 SD below WHO Child Growth Standards median and weight‐for‐length/height > +2 SD above WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Length/height‐for‐age < −2 SD below WHO Child Growth Standards median and weight‐for‐length/height < −2 SD below WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Flush/pour flush to elsewhere (not into a pit, septic tank, or sewer); pit latrine without slab/open pit; bucket toilet; hanging toilet/latrine; no facility/bush/field (open defecation).
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001.