Fig. 2.

The locations and roles of Wnts in different nephron patterning during kidney development. a The metanephros is derived from the UB and MM. b CM is formed by the condensation of MM cells under the induction of UB. Wnt9b plays a crucial role in this process. c The RV is formed from the pretubular aggregate. Wnt4 and Wnt7b play important roles in medulla morphogenesis. In addition, Wnt4 is an inducer of MET and progenitor cell development. d UB branching morphogenesis. Wnt2b, Wnt5a, and Wnt11 are involved in this process. Besides, Wnt5a also has a role in the formation of CDs. e–g Nephron morphogenesis. Transition of the RV to a comma-shaped body and an S-shaped body. h The nephron consists of the glomerulus, the proximal tubules, the loop of Henle, the distal tubule, and the CDs