Table 2.

Ablation techniques and characteristics for each included study

Study	Ablation technology	Power	Mapping technology	Ablation type	Average Contact Force	Mean RF time per lesion (seconds)	Anesthesia	Endoscopy timing
John et al.	RF open-irrigation, 3.5-mm-tip, 8-Fr, force-sensing catheter (SmartTouch)	24–28 W	CARTO mapping system and Pentaray NAV multipolar mapping catheter	Bilateral antral PVI, creation of a left atrial roof and floor line, and ablation across the mitral isthmus	10 g	12.3 +/− 5.3	General	Within 24 h of the procedure
Kuwahara et al.	3.5 mm irrigated-tip ablation catheter (Thermocool, Biosense Webster, Inc.)	25–30 W	CARTO system	Circumferential PVI with focal ablation, and creation of left atrial roof or mitral isthmus lines with posterior wall isolation in non-paroxysmal AF	N/A	N/A	Conscious sedation	Within 24 h of the procedure
Sohara et al.	12F radiofrequency hot balloon catheter (Hayama Arrhythmia Institute, Kanagawa, Japan)	N/A	CARTO system	Balloon-based box isolation	N/A	N/A	General	Within 3 days of the procedure