Table 3.

Characteristics of temperature monitoring and esophageal cooling utilized in each included study

Study	Temperature sensor type	Temperature sensor characteristics	Gastric tube type	Coolant	Cooling threshold	Follow-up duration
John et al.	18-Fr esophageal temperature probe (400 series M1024215, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL)	Tube diameter 6 mm, cuff diameter 8.8 mm, single thermistor inside of the cuff at the distal tip	18-Fr orogastric tube (nasogastric sump tube 0046180, Bard, Inc., Covington, GA)	20 mL ice-cold saline	0.5 °C increase in temperature from baseline	N/A
Kuwahara et al.	A multi-thermocouple temperature probe (Sensitherm, St Jude Medical)	Three thermocouples; one of which was placed at the same level of the esophagus as the site of RF energy delivery on the LA posterior wall	Unspecified gastric tube	5 mL ice-water (0 °C)	42 °C temperature peak	Up to 8 weeks
Sohara et al.	Thermocouple thermometer (Delta Ohm, Caselle di Selvazzano, PD, Italy)	Thermal sensor of a deflectable, 4-mm tip ablation catheter	Unspecified gastric tube coated with xylocaine jelly	10–20 mL ionized contrast medium (Gastrografin) or nonionized low osmotic contrast medium (iopamidol) diluted 1:2 with physiologic saline refrigerated to about 10 °C	43 °C temperature peak (group B) or 39 °C temperature peak (group C)	>10 months minimum, mean 3.6 years