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. 2020 Oct 27;10:18347. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75315-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Genetic structure among the lesser white-fronted goose. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of LWfG, GWfG and PfG samples. (B) PCA of the LWfG in this study (excluding first degree relatives). Different colors represent the distinct origins of the samples. (C) TREEMIX best model for LWfG (excluding first degree relatives), GWfG and PfG samples in the dataset and two migration edges (m = 2), including the pairwise residuals. ‘Park Bird’, refers to the LWfG sample from Ottenburghs et al.^24,25.