Analysis of ubiquitinated and ER stress–related proteins. Western blotting of total ubiquitinated proteins (a). Western blotting analysis of ER stress–related proteins ATF6, p-IRE1α, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and ATF4 (b). Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent replicates. *p value < 0.05 versus control siRNA and #p value < 0.05 versus DMSO-treated group