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. 2020 Oct 14;11:577155. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577155

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Behavior performance of rats after the continuous high frequency DBS (HF-DBS) stimulus of anterior insula (AI). (A) Experimental scheme. The rats in DBS and DBS-sham groups were bilaterally implanted with DBS electrodes to AI followed by a 5-day recovery. HF-DBS (130 Hz, 150 μA, 90 μs) was continuously applied in DBS-rats between day 6 and 9. The open field test was performed on day 7 followed by the novel object recognition (NOR) test on day 8 and 9. (B) Representative track maps of rats from control, DBS-sham and DBS groups in the open field tests. (C) Total traveled distance in the arenas and time spent in the peripheral regions were measured in the open field tests to assess the locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. There were no significant differences among groups on locomotor activity [F(2, 17) = 0.307, p = 0.740] and in the time spent in the peripheral zones of the open-field arena [F(2, 17) = 0.022, p = 0.978]. (D) The NOR test was performed to evaluate memory and cognitive functions. The recognition index was calculated by the ratio of time spent exploring the novel object to the total time of both novel and familiar objects. There were no significant differences in the recognition index among control, DBS-sham and DBS groups [F(2, 17) = 0.355, p = 0.707]. Data are shown as mean with SEM. n = 6 for three groups.